为视障人群服务的实践、感悟及思考——山西省图书馆盲人阅读区的服务

视障人是社会的弱势群体,关注、理解、帮助他们,满足他们的阅读需求,提高他们的文化素质,是公共图书馆的职责和义务。山西省图书馆在这方面做了有益的探索和尝试。     

利用SSR标记划分玉米自交系杂种优势群的研究

利用SSR标记对64个玉米自交系进行了杂种优势群的划分。20对SSR引物在供试材料中共检测出96个等位基因的变异,每对引物检测出等位基因数2～9个,平均4.36个。多态信息量变化范围为0.22～0.86,平均多态信息量为0.61。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,供试自交系可分为8大类群,分类的结果与系谱关系基本一致。     

Changes in the content of free sulphydryl groups during postharvest wheat and flour maturation and their influence on technological quality

The main aim of this study was to determine the changes in free sulphydryl content during postharvest wheat and flour maturation. The content of free sulphydryl groups was determined from wet gluten over 50 days of wheat postharvest maturation and over 14 days of flour maturation by varying incubation temperatures (30 and 37 °C) and incubation times (0, 45, 90 and 135 min). The amount of free sulphydryl groups increased during postharvest wheat and flour maturation as well as with the increase in temperature and gluten incubation time. The additional aim of this study was to find the interrelation between the content of free sulphydryl groups and selected parameters of technological quality by means of Principal Component Analysis. During wheat/flour maturation, the strengthening of protein structure was observed manifested by the increase in gluten index and Mixolab protein network weakening (C2), and changes in dough resistance as well. The incubation temperature of 37 °C affected the weakening of protein structure manifested by the decrease in gluten index and resistance, and increase in extensibility. Strong differentiation of examined varieties in terms of selected quality indicators was observed upon pre-defined maturation period, probably due to the expression of their intrinsic properties.     

冰雪灾后广东杨东山十二度水保护区森林大型土壤动物功能类群

对冰雪灾害后杨东山十二度水省级自然保护区的森林大型土壤动物功能群和生态特性进行了调查。结果表明:在海拨700～1000m的常绿与落叶阔叶混交林中,膜翅目、鞘翅目昆虫为数量上的优势类群。从生物量来看,优势类群为蚯蚓、鞘翅目昆虫、双翅目和鳞翅目幼虫。将研究区的大型土壤动物划分为腐食性、植食性和捕食性动物3个功能类群,其中腐食性动物的生物量所占比例最大,而植食性动物的数量占优势,捕食性动物两者所占比例较小。     

陕西玉米杂种优势群划分和杂优模式研究

通过对陕西19个自育玉米品种的种质杂种优势群和杂交优势利用模式的综合分析,结果表明:陕西玉米的种质基础过于狭窄,改良Reid群×塘四平头群和塘四平头群×Mo17亚群是近20年陕西利用的主要杂交优势模式,应继续加强研究和利用,要注意自330亚群,旅大红骨群和其它种群的改良利用,并重新研究改良Reid群×旅大红骨群,塘四平头群×外杂选亚群和塘四平头群×旅大红骨群这三个杂优模式,以突破现有的杂交优势利用模式,才可能使陕西玉米育种水平上一个新台阶。     

生态脆弱区多年气候变化特征分析——以陕西榆林市为例

基于1974~2004年榆林市气温、降水等气象数据,对近30年来区域气候的年际、季节及各年代的气候变化进行了定量分析。结果表明:榆林市在20世纪70年代属偏冷湿时期,80年代为逐渐转暖的偏暖干时期,90年代为异常暖干时期,21世纪前四年气候较为暖湿。揭示区域气候变化,可以为榆林能源重化工基地产业发展的优化与调控、榆林市农业的可持续发展,以及生态环境脆弱地区能源与矿产资源开发对区域生态环境的影响研究提供重要的基础理论依据。     

巴音布鲁克新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落物种多样性及其环境解释

为研究新疆巴音布鲁克地区不同土壤层次环境因子对新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落物种多样性的影响,为新疆假龙胆物种多样性保护提供理论依据.采用野外样地调查的方法,在新疆假龙胆适生海拔范围内共设置了16个样地进行植物多样性统计分析,共调查到植物72种,隶属22科48属,以豆科和禾本科植物为主.根据样地内各物种重要值的大小将所有采样...     

Attitudes,beliefs, and prevalence of dumpster diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern,low-income,urban dwellers

Dumpster diving is a term generally used for obtaining items, in this case food for consumption, from dumpsters. This study evaluates the prevalence of dumpster diving in two low-income urban communities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Additionally, attitudes and beliefs of adults who engage in this behavior are reported. Surveys (n=396) were used to collect data including individual dumpster diving behavior, food security, health, and demographic data. Nearly one-fifth of those surveyed had used dumpster diving as a means to obtain food. Focus groups (n=17) were conducted to further evaluate dumpster divers attitudes and beliefs about dumpster diving, use of food assistance programs including benefits and barriers, and other strategies used to obtain food such as stealing. Focus group participants were primarily homeless and most were high school educated. Ways to improve delivery of food assistance are suggested. In conclusion, more research on the use of dumpsters as a source of food is needed. Utilizing more of the 96 billion pounds of food wasted each year in the US through food recovery and donation programs could help to provide socially acceptable means for low-income urban dwellers to obtain food.     

刈割干扰对羊草草甸草原植物功能群及多样性的影响

【目的】刈割是草原主要利用方式之一,植物功能群和群落物种多样性是判别干扰条件下草地生态系统退化的重要生态学指标。研究不同刈割干扰下羊草草甸草原植物功能群和群落物种多样性的变化,了解刈割干扰下草原功能群与多样性变化过程和机制,为退化割草地生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以呼伦贝尔羊草草甸草原时空刈割配置为试验平台,于2014—2018年植物生长最旺盛的季节(即每年8月初),采用样方法对各个小区进行群落植被调查。分析一年一割(G1)、两年一割(G2)、漏割带10 m(G3)、漏割带5 m(G4)和对照(CK)处理下草甸草原群落功能群和物种多样性变化以及刈割时间和不同刈割处理间的交互作用,探讨植物功能群与群落物种多样性的相关关系。【结果】研究发现羊草(Leymus chinensis)在不同刈割制度下均为优势物种,但是随着刈割频次的增加呈现出羊草重要值逐渐降低,退化指示物种星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)、披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolate)等重要值增加的趋势;两年一割处理下羊草、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、长柱沙参(Aden...