卧式泵站直管式出水流道型线变化水力性能数值模拟

基于不可压缩流体的连续性方程和雷诺时均N-S方程,采用CFD技术对卧式泵站直管式出水流道进行数值模拟计算,通过改变出水流道型线,分析出水流道内部流动特性及水力损失影响。研究表明,出水流道当断面形状设计为圆变方,在平面方向和立面方向均逐渐扩大的形式时,流道内流态最好;将进水流道断面在平面方向设计为先扩散后平直,而在立面方向均匀扩大的形式时,流态较好;而将断面在立面与平面方向均设计成先扩散后平直时,出水流道流态最差。     

螺旋弯管内流动与传热特性的数值模拟

针对螺旋弯管内的流动与传热特性,以螺旋弯管传热试验中试验件模型为研究对象,基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型、第一类热边界条件下的薄壁热阻模型,对不同进口来流条件下,采用Fluent对螺旋弯管内水的流动与换热进行数值模拟.计算得到了螺旋弯管内速度场与温度场的分布,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果的比较,验证了数值模拟方法的正确性.结果表明:随着进口来流雷诺数的增大,螺旋弯管内的二次流迪恩涡核心向弯管管壁扩张;在螺旋弯管小曲率比、来流雷诺数2 280~6 000内,螺旋弯管的强化换热综合性能最佳;对模拟结果数据利用多元线性回归法,推导出螺旋弯管内换热努赛尔数、进出口压力降的准则关系式.研究结果可为螺旋管式换热器设计与优化提供一定的参考依据.     

潜水泵扩张式喷嘴排液装置的优化设计与试验

针对泄漏液体严重危及潜水泵安全的问题,在原非扩张式喷嘴排液装置的基础上,优化设计了一种具有扩张式喷嘴的在线排液装置.为了比较分别具有扩张式和非扩张式喷嘴的排液装置性能的优劣,设计了这两种形式的喷嘴,并设计了4种不同尺寸喉嘴距及6种不同尺寸混合管直径的排液装置;对各种不同的排液装置在同一试验台上分别进行了试验.试验结果表明,当排液装置的扬程为6 m时,具有扩张式喷嘴的排液装置具有更好的排液性能,其最佳工作压力为0.3 MPa,最佳喉嘴距为1.67倍喷嘴喉部直径之长度,最佳混合管直径为2倍喷嘴喉部直径.与非扩张式喷嘴排液装置相比较,具有最佳尺寸的扩张式喷嘴排液装置可以更好地解决潜水泵液体泄漏问题.     

Parametric Study and Design of the Ultimate Strength of Tube gusset Plate Connections

The tube gusset plate connections are widely used in electric transmission towers. However, there is little technical information regarding the behavior of tube gusset plate connections. Thus, a analytical parametric study was conducted to investigate the behavior of tube gusset plate connections. The analytical results were compared with the existing experimental results. It was found that the finite element analysis results were in good agreement with the experimental results. In the parametric study, the effects of geometry, chord load and stiffener on the ultimate strength were considered. Based on the analytical results, a design method for predicting the ultimate strength of tube gusset connections was proposed, and its applicability was verified.     

多因子问诊1998年和2016年松花江流域夏季降水

为了分析强El nino 衰减年（1998 年和2016 年）松花江流域夏季降水异常成因,提高松花江流域夏季降水预测能力。采用松花江流域97 站逐日降水资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等资料,通过合成分析、相关分析等多种物理诊断方法分析1998 年和2016 年夏季降水异常成因。结果表明：仅仅依靠强El nino 事件的结束时间和强度还不能确定松花江流域夏季降水变化,还需要考虑中高纬环流及其大气内部的自身演变过程,例如东北冷涡的强度和发生时间,欧亚中高纬环流阻高的变化。需要综合考虑海温、副热带系统和中高纬环流系统的异常变化给松花江流域夏季降水带来的影响,从多因子角度诊断和预测松花江流域夏季降水,从而提升预测水平,为气象防灾减灾和农业生产服务提供决策依据。     

Fuzzy Assessment Method for Seismic Damage of CFST Arch Bridges

In order to investigate the conditions of damage and failure of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch bridges, considering the structural and mechanical characteristics of CFST arch bridges, the dual damage criteria assessment models of the various components based on deformation or strength and energy were developed. The nonlinear seismic response of CFST arch bridges was analyzed by finite element method and the fuzzy evaluation method of seismic damage based on fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process was studied. Finally, taking a long-span CFST arch bridge as example, the damage index of the bridge was 0.150, 0.152, 0.172 and 0.318 respectively when the seismic peak acceleration was respectively 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.4g and 0.8g. The results show that the CFST arch bridge is slightly damaged under the earthquake when the seismic peak acceleration is 0.4g, and the bridge is damaged moderately when the peak acceleration is 0.8g.     

油松花粉离体萌发及萌发特征研究

为了加强油松有性杂交,为种子园育种研究奠定基础,对油松花粉离体萌发的适宜条件及萌发特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,油松花粉在无蔗糖培养基中仍具一定萌发能力,蔗糖的添加可显著促进花粉萌发,但高浓度蔗糖可抑制花粉管的生长;油松花粉管易形成分枝,蔗糖浓度与分枝花粉频率呈正相关;硼酸的添加在培养初期可有效加速花粉萌发,但过高浓度的硼酸对花粉萌发具抑制作用;Ca2+对花粉萌发的影响较小,不同浓度Ca2+处理均可获得较高的萌发率;培养温度对花粉萌发的促进作用明显,但温度的持续升高将抑制花粉萌发。综合萌发率、花粉管生长及分枝花粉管频率,油松花粉萌发的最适液体培养基组成为：2.00%蔗糖+0.075%硼酸+0.005% Ca2+,26℃下光照培养,72 h时萌发率可达(96.10±0.47)%。     

柚木花粉离体萌发试验

柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)是世界名贵的用材树种,天然分布于印度、缅甸、泰国和老挝[1],具有生长快、用途广、纹理美观和价格昂贵的特点,已在热带、南亚热带地区广为引种,是世界上人工林种植面积最大的4个树种之一,也是单位面积产值最高的一个造林树种[2-3]。我国引种柚木已有170多年的     

小管出流灌溉技术在日光温室中的应用效果研究

温室内采用的供试作物为青椒,在土壤水分相同的条件下(土壤含水率下限为60%~70%,以占田间持水率的百分比计)通过试验对比分析了日光温室小管出流和沟灌2种灌溉方式对土壤温度、土壤水分、青椒叶绿素含量及长势、产量的影响。研究结果表明,在土层深度为5、15、25、35 cm时,小管出流的土壤温度较沟灌依次高0.24、0.23、0.17、0.30℃。在灌水前后的土壤水分空间分布及含水率均大于沟灌,小管出流灌溉方式下青椒的叶绿素含量较沟灌高6.8%,产量较沟灌增产34%,水分生产率比沟灌提高了0.9倍。     

In-field calibration of a dielectric soil moisture meter designed for use in an access tube

Abstract. The in-field calibration of a dielectric probe to measure soil water content is described. The probe uses an access tube analogous to that of the neutron probe. The dielectric constant was measured at soil depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm. Cores of soil were then taken from the face of pits dug 30 cm from the access tube and their soil water contents determined by oven drying. The dielectric constant values measured by the probe were calibrated against water contents from these cores. We found that sensor depth needed to be included to achieve a good calibration model that explained 72% of the variance. It is argued that depth needs to be included because of artefacts introduced during the installation of the access tube.