不可压缩粘性流体旋涡运动积分方程的建立

将导出的旋涡运动积分恒等式应用于涡动力学微分方程,分别建立了不可压缩粘性流体在外力有势条件下的流体质量体(系统)及控制体的旋涡运动积分方程,并对不可压缩粘性流体、外力有势条件下质量体的旋涡运动积分方程及其涡强度和矢量的随体导数予以讨论。其结论可对旋涡运动宏观动力学特性的进一步研究提供参考。     

棉花机械辅助去雄新方法的探讨

通过试验表明，采用塑料管去雄法较传统的徒手去雄法，成铃率提高21％，畸形铃率下降28．7％，制种产量显著提高，且提高了制种效率。     

植保无人机下洗气流对作物冠层作用规律研究

植保无人机作业过程中,旋翼下洗气流不仅会对雾滴沉积效果产生影响,还会对作物冠层产生扰动作用.揭示冠层扰动区域的特点,有助于理解无人机作业特征,可为优化雾滴沉积效果和施药系统提供理论依据.本文通过航拍方法和机器视觉技术研究了无人机下洗气流对作物冠层的影响.结果表明:单旋翼和多旋翼无人机下洗气流所引起的作物冠层扰动区域特征...     

Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs

Objective: To evaluate the ability of capnography to document proper placement of nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase I of this study was designed in order to test the efficacy of capnography to distinguish placement of a feeding tube in the alimentary tract versus the respiratory tract. Phase II was designed in order to document that carbon dioxide (CO₂) could be measured through a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tube. Phase III was performed in order to evaluate the technique of continuous monitoring during insertion of the feeding tube into the esophagus and stomach as would be performed during a clinical‐tube placement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: 24 adult dogs. Interventions: In Phase I, sedated dogs were instrumented with an intratracheal catheter and an 8 French feeding tube placed nasally into the distal esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase II, dogs were anesthetized and an 8 French feeding tube was placed down the endotracheal tube, then into the esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase III, sedated dogs were instrumented with an 8 French feeding tube inserted intranasally and then advanced to the level of the nasopharynx, distal esophagus and, lastly, the stomach. Fluoroscopy was used in order to determine location of the feeding tube. Measurements and main results: Phase I measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the trachea, esophagus, and stomach and pH of gastric fluid sample. Phase II measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the distal esophagus, and feeding tube in the stomach. Phase III data collection included respiratory rate and CO₂ as the tube was passed through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus and stomach. Phase I fluid samples were collected from 5 of the 9 dogs and had pH values from 1.68 to 4.20. In both phases, values for the respiratory rate and CO₂ from the esophagus and stomach were 0 ± 0, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the values from the trachea. In Phase II, there was no significant difference between the respiratory rates (P = 0.886) and CO₂ (P = 0.705) readings obtained from the endotracheal tube compared to readings from the feeding tube in the endotracheal tube. In Phase III, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the respiratory rates and CO₂ readings obtained from the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx when compared to those readings obtained from the esophagus and stomach. Measurement of CO₂ and respiratory rate resulted in a reading of 0 every time the feeding tube was in the esophagus or stomach. Conclusions: Capnography may be used in order to detect airway placement of NE and NG tubes.     

液力偶合器三维涡识别方法及流场时空演化

精细刻画液力偶合器内部非定常多尺度三维涡结构对于揭示液力偶合器流场时空演化规律与能量损耗机理具有重要意义。该研究基于计算流体动力学理论,采用应力混合涡湍流模型多尺度解析模拟制动工况下液力偶合器三维旋涡流场。通过3种不同的涡识别方法提取涡轮内部多尺度涡系结构,从空间重构效果、阈值选择范围及敏感性角度分析不同涡识别方法的适用性。依托粒子图像测速（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）流场试验验证数值模拟及涡结构辨识结果的准确性与可靠性。围绕三维涡结构特征解析结果和二维流场图谱信息,分析并揭示流道内部湍流的时空演化规律及能量损耗机理。结果表明：Q准则方法的阈值选择盲目性大,难以同时识别强涡与弱涡结构,丢失很多涡结构细节特征,无法准确预测三维涡空间连续性运动趋势;Ω方法能够在阈值范围为0.51～0.59内辨识弱涡结构,但涡系空间重构后涡的运动趋势感不强;ΩL方法对阈值不敏感,在阈值范围为0.51～0.67内该方法空间涡系重构效果最好,强涡、弱涡结构特征识别度高。制动工况下涡轮内部整体流动为逆时针大尺度环流,并伴有小尺度涡流等局部流动现象,与主流涡运动相同旋向的旋涡促进主流旋涡运动,相反旋向的旋涡阻碍主流旋涡运动,由于涡的撕裂、破碎、分离、碰撞、摩擦、挤压等作用,导致流体能量损失,以热能形式耗散。研究结果可为液力偶合器结构设计与优化提供理论与技术指导。     

基于竖管降膜的多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器设计及性能分析

工业化太阳能苦咸水淡化系统对基础设施要求高,无法满足当前缺水地区小型分布式淡水制备的需求。针对上述问题,该研究提出一种新型基于竖管降膜的多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器,其具有液膜蒸发、多效运行、传热热阻小、热能利用效率高等特点。基于封闭小空间内蒸发冷凝机理,分析装置内水蒸气传热传质过程,基于此,分别测试定输入功率运行工况下,一效、二效、三效和四效蒸馏器的产水速率、蒸发温度和冷凝温度的变化规律,研究不同效数对装置单位能耗产水率l和性能系数（Gain Output Ratio,GOR）等的影响,分析多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器的投资回收周期等经济评估参数。结果表明,装置单位能耗产水率、产水速率和性能系数均随运行效数的增加而增大,当输入电功率为200 W时,四效苦咸水蒸馏器达到稳态运行时单位能耗产水率和产水速率分别为1.45 g/kJ、1.039 kg/h,分别比三效蒸馏器增加36.80%、35.88%,四效苦咸水蒸馏器运行温度为83.76℃,蒸发冷凝总温差为19.07 ℃,性能系数达到3.36,投资成本回收周期约为5.69 a,具有较好的分布式制水应用前景。     

刺梨花粉管萌发的荧光显微观察

花粉管作为连接柱头与胚囊的唯一结构,是外源DNA导入的通道。因此,必须首先形成花粉管通道,才能进行外源DNA的导入。本研究利用醋酸洋红染色对刺梨雌蕊、雄蕊进行显微观察,并在人工授粉后的0．5h、1h、3h、6h、10h、12h、14h、16h、18h、20h、24h和30h不同时期取其雌蕊,用苯胺蓝染色后进行荧光显微观察。研究结果初步探明了刺梨人工授粉的最佳时期在花蕾露红期;其花粉管通道从人工授粉后10h左右开始萌发,到18h左右完成萌发,花粉管萌发完成后的2～9h是利用花粉管通道法介导刺梨遗传转化的最佳时期。本研究结果将为花粉管通道法介导刺梨遗传转化技术体系的建立提供基础资料。     

Evaluation of the High-temperature Tolerance of Floral Organs in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars.     

单叶省藤组培苗与实生苗的造林效果分析

通过在黄梁木和八宝树林分下设置组培丛芽苗与组培单芽苗、组培单芽苗与实生苗造林试验,对不同苗木的造林效果进行分析.研究结果表明:组培单芽苗的保存率、萌蘖数和萌蘖率总体上高于丛芽苗;丛芽苗造林后1.5 a的母茎长显著大于单芽苗,3~4 a时二者无显著差异,而造林后8 a单芽苗的母茎长超过丛芽苗,二者间存在显著差异;在造林后4 a内丛芽苗的藤丛总茎长明显大于单芽苗,造林后8 a丛芽苗的总茎长略优于单芽苗,但二者之间的差异不显著.组培单芽苗的保存率、萌蘖数和萌蘖率均高于实生苗;两者母茎长和藤丛总茎长在不同年龄时均无显著差异.     

压缩天然气分输站场涡流管技术调压应用

压缩天然气分输站场通常采用橇装调压装置对上游高压天然气降压后再分输给下游用户,但调压阀在降压过程中因“焦耳一汤姆森效应”容易发生冰堵现象,给站场安全运行带来隐患。涡流管调压技术能够在降压的同时有效地解决冰堵问题,回收利用压力差能,应用前景广阔。针对某站场的实际工况,完成了涡流管技术调压方案设计,阐述了涡流管技术调压的运行方式,并对可能出现的问题以及预期应用效果进行了说明。设计结果表明：涡流管取代调压橇在技术上是可行的,而且能够避免冰堵问题的产生,减少调压器日常维护工作量及费用,同时,还能利用调压过程中产生的冷能,达到节能降耗的目的。（图7,参5）