大白菜质核互作型雄性不育的转育与应用

为了保证大白菜杂交种子的纯度,提高制种效率,利用大白菜质核互作型雄性不育系CMA,与不同球叶颜色（橘红心、黄心、白心）、不同结球类型（合抱、叠抱、直筒）、适合不同季节（春、夏、秋）栽培的多种类型自交系进行杂交,后代经连续多代回交,成功选育了满足市场需求的稳定的质核互作型雄性不育系。制种试验表明,杂交种杂交率达100%,整齐度高,制种产量与利用不亲和系杂交制种相当。     

轴流泵运行工况和叶顶间隙对叶顶泄漏涡轨迹的影响

采用SST k-ω湍流模型模拟和旋涡强度方法,对某一轴流泵模型泵叶轮叶顶区流场和叶顶泄漏涡轨迹进行了数值计算,分析了运行工况和叶顶间隙两个因素对轴流泵叶顶泄漏涡运动轨迹的影响.数值模拟结果表明,随着流量增大,轴流泵叶顶泄漏涡的涡核轨迹起点由叶尖向叶片翼型中部逐渐移动.随着流量的增大,叶片流道内的流动方向发生偏移,叶顶泄漏涡在主流的卷吸下,运动轨迹随之变化,涡轨迹线的斜率受叶轮内主流的影响而变大.随着叶顶间隙增大,泄漏涡的卷吸程度逐渐增强,影响范围增大,涡核的起点由叶片前缘逐渐向后缘移动,且涡核的压力逐渐降低,因此在大间隙时涡带更易出现空化现象.当叶顶间隙达到1.5 mm时,轴流泵在0.9Qd工况附近出现驼峰现象,说明叶顶泄漏涡对驼峰区不稳定流场具有重要的影响.     

干旱对玉米自交系叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以玉米自交系郑58(抗旱性强)和丹340(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置中度干旱和正常灌水处理,研究干旱胁迫对玉米自交系苗期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期叶片叶绿素荧光指标的影响。结果表明,不同生育时期,玉米自交系叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大荧光(Fm)、原初最大光能利用效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、有效光化学量子产量(Fv’/Fm’)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降;初始荧光(F0)和非光化学猝灭系数(q N)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而升高。与丹340相比,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’降幅均相对较小。不同时期干旱胁迫下,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ和q P均高于丹340。与丹340相比,干旱胁迫下,郑58光系统Ⅱ具有较高的光能转化和利用效率、实际光化学量子效率和有效光化学量子产量,通过调节碳同化能力和激发能利用效率,有效地耗散过剩光能减轻光抑制,保护光合机构,维持较高的光合性能。光系统Ⅱ中Fm、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0可以用来鉴定玉米自交系抗旱性。     

鸡白细胞介素-6活性MTT检测方法的建立

采用白细胞介素-6依赖细胞株B9建立了鸡白细胞介素-6活性的MTT检测方法。每孔培养细胞数在2.5×103~4×104范围内D值与细胞数显示有良好的线性关系,MTT的最佳保留时间为4 h,最低检测限为0.1 U/mL。应用该方法检测了健康艾维茵肉鸡25例,血清chIL-6活性为(4.33±0.75)U/mL,而25例葡萄球菌病患鸡血清chIL-6的活性为(14.05±6.87)U/mL,与健康肉鸡比较差异极显著(P<0.01),为该方法进一步临床应用奠定了基础。     

Fine structure of the canal neuromasts of the lateral line system in the adult zebrafish

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fish is responsible for several functions such as balance, hearing, and orientation in water flow and is formed by neuromast receptor organs distributed on head, trunk and tail. Superficial and canal neuromasts can be distinguished for localization and morphological differences. Several information is present regarding the superficial neuromasts of zebrafish and other teleosts especially during larval and juvenile stages, while not as numerous data are so far available about the ultrastructural characteristics of the canal neuromasts in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructural aspects of cells present in the canal neuromasts. Besides the typical cellular aspects of the neuromast, different cellular types of hair cells were observed that could be identified as developing hair cells during the physiological turnover. The knowledge of the observed cellular types of the canal neuromasts and their origin could give a contribution to studies carried out on adult zebrafish used as model in neurological and non‐neurological damages, such as deafness and vestibular disorders.     

Establishment of a new cell line susceptible to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) and possible latency of CyHV‐3 by temperature shift in the cells

A new cell line named CCF‐K104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °C to 30 °C. Serial morphological changes in the cells induced by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. Mature virions were purified from CyHV‐3‐infected CCF‐K104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. Infectious CyHV‐3 was produced stably in CCF‐K104 cells over 30 viral passages. Our findings showed that CCF‐K104 is a useful cell line for isolation and productive replication of CyHV‐3. A temperature shift from 25 °C to 15 °C or 35 °C did not allow serial morphological changes as observed at 25 °C for 14 days. Under the same conditions, real‐time PCR showed that CyHV‐3 was present with low viral DNA loads, suggesting that CyHV‐3 may establish latent infection in CCF‐K104 cells. Amplification of the left and right terminal repeat sequences of the CyHV‐3 genome arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner was detected by nested PCR following an upshift in temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C. The PCR results suggested that the circular genome may represent a latent form of CyHV‐3.     

淄博市发展玉米收获机械化的经验与启示

玉米是我国的第二大粮食作物,但是玉米生产过程机械化水平较低,尤其是玉米收获环节机械化水平低,且总体上发展缓慢.因此,玉米收获机械化是我国北方玉米主产区农业机械化发展的重点.近年来,山东省玉米收获机械化出现快速发展势头,特别是山东省淄博市玉米收获机械化水平已经超过了50%,有些县区已经基本实现了玉米收获机械化.为此,从经济基础、农艺技术和农机技术基础、支持政策和农机管理等方面总结分析了淄博市发展玉米收获机械化的经验,并分析了全国玉米收获机械化发展所面临的农业生产工艺技术路线、农业技术装备体系及其农业机械化组织路线问题.在此基础上,提出了推进玉米收获机械化发展的措施.     

广西红壤特征及其环境影响分析

概述了广西红壤的类型、分布及其环境化学特征。分析认为 ,从红壤向赤红壤、砖红壤演化的受控环境条件是pH值降低、雨量增加及气温增高。由于酸雨和温室效应影响 ,可以预测广西区内红壤类型的分界线会逐渐北移。红壤区应防止被淋溶有害重金属对附近水体的污染 ;铁和铝在红壤中的大量富集是否对人群有影响值得进一步研究。红壤区有用微量元素和养分的大量流失 ,必然导致其地力下降 ,适当施用微肥和加强保肥是红壤区土壤保护的主攻方向。     

高梁不育系Tx3197A减数分裂中染色体行为

以Ｔｘ３１９７Ｂ和晋粱５号为对照，对Ｔｘ３１９７Ａ进行了观察。结果发现，减数分裂前期Ⅰ和中期Ⅰ无明显异常。自后期Ⅰ开始，染色体行为出现了多类型的异常现象，导致减数分裂不能正常进行，无法形成花粉粒，从而产生雄性不育。     

籼稻温敏核不育系5460s的育性遗传

籼稻温敏核不育系5460s同它的等基因可育系5460、原始亲本IR_54以及4个各具研究标记性状的品种杂交,全部组合的正反交杂种F_1都表现可育,证明5460s温敏不育是一隐性性状,5460s同5460杂交的F_2,B-1F_1群体中可育株与不育株的比率分别符合3:1和1:1,说明5460s是5460的单隐性育性基因突变系;该突变基因符号暂定为“tms(t)”,在5460s同金早6号的组合,温敏核不育也表现1对基因遗传;在其余的4个组合,却呈现育性同2对基因有关,它们的F_2世代育性分离比率为15:1,B_1F_1又以3:1验证,对育性同所研究的标记性状在_2的分离频数进行独立性测验表明,温敏不育特性同所研究的4个性状,即茎秆角度、褐色颖沟、光身以及糯性胚乳,都表现独立遗传。本文还对等基因系应用于光温敏育性遗传研究的价值作了讨论。