转优质HMW-GS基因春小麦品系品质特性与农艺性状的研究

转优质HMW-GS 1Dx5+1Dy10基因春小麦品系龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083的品质较其亲本龙辐麦8号显著改善。2007年和2008年品质分析结果表明,龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083与其亲本龙辐麦8号相比,沉降值分别提高3.5～5.3ml和4.3～5.5ml,稳定时间分别增加7.3～9.1min和5.7～5.8min,最大抗延阻力分别增加5～232E.U和103～207E.U,延伸性分别增加0.4～5.5cm和1.0～3.7cm,面积分别增加8.8～37.9cm2和30.8～41.8cm2。龙辐6K1079和龙辐06K1083的产量较其亲本龙辐麦8号分别提高8.9%～15.8%和9.3%～16.4%,且2008年的产量差异达显著水平。龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083与其亲本相比还具有目的性状以外的其他变异,主要表现是长芒、秆高、多粒和秆锈抗性降低等。转基因后代中出现的非目的性状变异,为育种提供了更大选择机遇。     

The Ant Mosaic - Tropical Tree Crops and the Limiting of Pests and Diseases

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of herbicides in controlling Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. D. Clayton and Cyperus rotundus L. in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different moisture regimes as imposed by a line source sprinkler system. Preemergence application of pendimethalin [N‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] was highly effective in controlling R. cochinchinensis irrespective of soil moisture after herbicide application. Bentazon [3‐(1‐methylethyl)‐(1H)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxide] and 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied at postemergence effectively controlled C. rotundus when moisture supply was well above pan evaporation. These herbicides also had no adverse effect on rice stand and resulted in higher yield over the control. Water application rates above upland pan evaporation for a season‐long period was essential to obtain a high response to weed control either by herbicides or hand weeding. The data suggest that proper weed control by herbicides or hand weeding will not result in high upland rice grain yields if moisture level from rains fall below the critical level.     

小麦黑麦易位系生产现状

小麦黑麦易位系生产具有重要的实践意义和理论意义。作者对已报道的小麦黑麦易位系进行了统计,共４４ 个,大部分为整臂易位类型     

Development of a continuous cell line from larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of the microsporidian,Loma morhua

In vitro cell culture methods are crucial for the isolation, purification and mass propagation of intracellular pathogens of aquatic organisms. Cell culture infection models can yield insights into infection mechanisms, aid in developing methods for disease mitigation and prevention, and inform commercial‐scale cultivation approaches. This study details the establishment of a larval cell line (GML‐5) from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of microsporidia. GML‐5 has survived over 100 passages in 8 years of culture. The line remains active and viable between 8 and 21°C in Leibovitz‐15 (L‐15) media with 10% foetal bovine serum and exhibits a myofibroblast phenotype as indicated by immuno‐positive results for vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I and S‐100 proteins, while being desmin‐negative. GML‐5 supports the infection and development of two microsporidian parasites, an opportunistic generalist (Anncaliia algerae) and cod‐specific Loma morhua. Using GML‐5, spore germination and proliferation of L. morhua was found to require exposure to basic pH and cool incubation temperatures (8°C), in contrast to A. algerae, which required no cultural modifications. Loma morhua‐associated xenoma‐like structures were observed 2 weeks postexposure. This in vitro infection model may serve as a valuable tool for cod parasitology and aquaculture research.     

小麦粒长和粒宽的QTL定位分析

【目的】粒长、粒宽是小麦种子重要的形态性状,该性状对籽粒的外观商品品质、产量及磨粉品质均至关重要,研究不同环境条件下小麦粒长、粒宽的单个标记和复合区间作图的QTL定位,对小麦粒长、粒宽的分子标记辅助选择具有重要参考作用。【方法】应用一个由115个系组成的W7984/Opata 85重组自交系(RIL)群体,建立了由394个DNA分子标记组成的遗传连锁图,在2种不同环境条件下对小麦粒长、粒宽进行了单个标记的回归分析和复合区间作图的QTL定位。【结果】在单个标记的回归分析中检测到5个粒长的QTLs、3个粒宽的QTLs;复合区间作图分析结果表明,控制粒长的QTLs分别位于5BL和7DS上,在5BL上的贡献率为20.20%~20.81%,LOD值为4.50~4.55;在7DS上的贡献率为13.54%~13.91%,LOD值为2.94~3.20。控制粒宽的QTL位于2B上,贡献率为13.71%~19.30%,LOD值为2.98~4.18。【结论】位于5B和7D上的控制粒长的QTL和位于2B上的控制粒宽的QTL在2种条件下均能检测到。     

Using fishers' anecdotes, naturalists' observations and grey literature to reassess marine species at risk: the case of the Gulf grouper in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Designing fishing policies without knowledge of past levels of target species abundance is a dangerous omission for fisheries management. However, as fisheries monitoring started long after exploitation of many species began, this is a difficult issue to address. Here we show how the ‘shifting baseline’ syndrome can affect the stock assessment of a vulnerable species by masking real population trends and thereby put marine animals at serious risk. Current fishery data suggest that landings of the large Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani, Serranidae) are increasing in the Gulf of California. However, reviews of historical evidence, naturalists’ observations and a systematic documentation of fishers’ perceptions of trends in the abundance of this species indicate that it has dramatically declined. The heyday for the Gulf grouper fishery occurred prior to the 1970s, after which abundance dropped rapidly, probably falling to a few percent of former numbers. This decline happened long before fishery statistics were formally developed. We use the case of the Gulf grouper to illustrate how other vulnerable tropical and semi‐tropical fish and shellfish species around the world may be facing the same fate as the Gulf grouper. In accordance with other recent studies, we recommend using historical tools as part of a broad data‐gathering approach to assess the conservation status of marine species that are vulnerable to over‐exploitation.     

草鱼尾鳍组织二倍体细胞系GCCF-2的建立及其部分生物学特性分析

本文从草鱼尾鳍组织建立了一个二倍体细胞系GCCF-2。该细胞系用TC-199培养液加15％小牛血清培养。细胞生长旺盛,最高分裂指数达30.04‰。现已在体外培养近92个月。细胞在28℃生长良好。染色体检查表明,GCCF-2为二倍体细胞系。初步估计其细胞周期为21—33小时。GCCF-2对草鱼呼肠弧病毒(GCRV)敏感,并在细胞中发现病毒颗粒。     

Experimental determinations of factors affecting the sink rates of baited hooks to minimize seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries

• 1. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to establish a scientific basis for the introduction of line weighting to reduce seabird mortality. The experiment examined the effects of different bait species (blue mackerel, yellow‐tail mackerel and squid), bait life status (dead or alive), weight of leaded swivels (60 g, 100 g and 160 g) and leader length (distance between leaded swivel and hooks: 2 m, 3 m and 4 m) on the sink rates of baited hooks from 0–6 m deep.
• 2. On average, live bait sank much more slowly than dead bait. The sink rates of individual live bait were highly variable: many were <2 m underwater 18 s after deployment, including some on the heaviest swivels, and some were <10 m deep after 120 s.
• 3. Within the dead bait group, all three swivel weights on 3 m and 4 m leaders sank at similar rates. Initial sink rates (e.g. 0–2 m) were 2–3 times slower than final rates (e.g. 4–6 m) for all combinations of swivel weight and leader length. The fastest initial and final sink rates were associated with heavy swivels placed close to hooks.
• 4. The results show that (a) compared with dead bait, live bait greatly increases the exposure of baited hooks to seabirds; (b) initial sink rates of dead bait are increased by placing leaded swivels close to hooks and final rates by increasing the weight of the swivels; (c) adding weight to long leaders makes little difference to sink rates; and (d) the small (incremental) changes to swivel weights and leader lengths typically preferred by industry will be difficult to detect at sea and unlikely to substantially reduce seabird mortality.
• 5. We suggest that experiments designed to reduce seabird mortality from that associated with 60 g swivels and ～3.5 m leaders (the preferred option by industry) should aim to expedite the initial sink rates as well as rates to deeper depths. This objective could be achieved by including branch lines with ≥120 g swivels ≤2 m in comparative assessments of the effectiveness of line weighting regimes in reducing seabird mortality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

杂交稻抗二化螟的胞质遗传效应分析

以一套6种细胞质的同核异质广亲和不育系和两套同质(野败型和印水型)异核不育系与恢复系蜀恢162和密阳46配组的F1为材料，测定二化螟的幼虫存活率、幼虫体重和田间水稻枯心率，分析了不育系的细胞质、细胞核和质核互作对二化螟抗性的遗传效应。结果表明，二化螟幼虫在同核异质不育系的矮败型“国广2A”、D型“国广4A”、印水型“国广5A”和K型“国广6A”上的体重显著低于在野败型“国广1A”和冈型“国广3A”上的；在国广4A和国广5A上的枯心率(12.9%和14.1%)显著低于在其他同核异质不育系上的。水稻枯心率在野败型和印水型同质异核不育系的2种不育系之间均表现出显著差异。同核异质不育系和印水型同质异核不育系对二化螟存活率没有细胞质效应和质核互作效应。同核异质不育系的质核互作效应(47.1%)和细胞质效应(29.4%)是影响幼虫体重的主要因素；细胞核效应(76.0%)、细胞质(12.1%)和质核互作效应(10.4%)都影响着水稻枯心率。野败型同质异核不育系的细胞核效应(78.5%)是影响幼虫体重的主要因素，其次是细胞质效应(17.7%)；枯心率受到细胞核效应(58.5%)和质核互作效应(35.7%)的影响。印水型同质异核不育系影响幼虫体重和枯心率的质核互作效应分别是26.5%和66.9%；影响幼虫体重的还有细胞核效应(50.7%)和细胞质效应(21.9%)。     

基于双切圆寻线模型的农机导航控制方法

针对油菜直播机组导航作业中田头换行、转弯等直线跟踪之间的衔接控制问题,设计了一种适用于2BFQ-6型油菜精量联合直播机导航的双切圆寻线模型控制方法。对初始偏差较大时拖拉机的寻线路径进行了定量分析,获得最优寻线路径的几何关系,依据该关系构建控制决策方法。所建决策方法根据拖拉机位姿状态选择相匹配的控制方程组,计算获得前轮转角以实现导航控制。进行了双切圆寻线模型参数仿真优化和性能与适应性仿真试验。使用该模型控制器进行拖拉机路面导航试验,结果表明:当行驶速度为0.7 m/s,拖拉机与目标直线初始横向偏差为7 m,初始航向偏角为90°时,控制器横向偏差响应的超调量不超过3%,上升时间小于14 s,调节时间不大于19 s,较纯追踪模型方法的超调量和调节时间更小;田间和路面试验结果表明:该模型控制方法对2BFQ-6型油菜精量联合直播机导航作业过程中的对行播种起始位姿调整和套行作业自动转弯操作具有指导价值。