论周紫芝的《竹坡词》

周紫芝是在失意与困窘中度过一生的 ,其《竹坡词》中描绘的空寂与朦胧的境界 ,正是这种生活感受的艺术体现。同时 ,其词兼具清婉沉郁的风格 ,这种风格的作品往往写得物我相比 ,情景兼融。另外 ,周紫芝词的语言成就体现在其曲雅俚俗的语言运用上。     

施氮对不同基因型冬小麦氮素吸收及干物质分配和产量的影响

以8个基因型NR9405、9430、偃师9号、小偃6号、陕229、西农2208、矮丰3号、商188为供试材料进行田间试验,研究了不同施氮肥量(0、90N kg/hm2)对冬小麦氮素吸收、干物质分配与产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:虽然小麦叶片、茎鞘、穗轴 颖壳及籽粒含氮量、氮收获指数及叶片、茎鞘、籽粒干物质分配率在不同基因型间存在显著差异,但是它们并没有显著受到施氮的影响。氮总吸收量、籽粒产量及产量构成因素的单位面积穗数、单株分蘖数、每穗粒数、单位面积粒数、千粒重、每穗粒重在不同基因型之间存在显著差异。施氮增产的主要原因是增加了单位面积株数、单位面积穗数、单株分蘖数、单位面积粒数及单位面积粒重。施氮增加小麦的干物质累积量的同时也增加了氮总吸收量,但并没有显著地增加籽粒氮含量。     

调和级数sum from n=1 to ∞(1/n)的两条性质

本文利用调和级数的发散性 ,证明了调和级数的两条有趣而重要的性质 ,关于这两条性质更一般性的结论 ,本文还给出了一个猜想     

骆驼蓬醇提物抑菌活性的初步研究

采用抑制菌丝生长法和毒力测定法,研究了骆驼蓬地上部醇提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水5个极性部位对南瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumbulbigenum)、西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporumf.niveum)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytohthoracapsici)、苹果腐烂病菌(Valsamali)和番茄早疫病菌(Alternariasolani)等5种常见植物病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明,氯仿部分、乙酸乙酯部分和正丁醇部分对供试植物病原菌均有抑制作用。其中氯仿部分的抑菌效果较好,当质量浓度为15mg/mL时,其对5种植物病原菌的抑制率均在83%以上;15mg/mL乙酸乙酯部分和正丁醇部分分别对番茄早疫病菌和苹果腐烂病菌有强烈且稳定的抑制作用,抑制率达100.00%,正丁醇部分对这两种菌丝生长抑制毒力最好,EC50分别为0.090和0.279mg/mL。     

长期施肥对水稻土有机氮组分及氮素矿化特性的影响

以湖南省3个国家级稻田土壤肥力变化长期定位监测点(新化、宁乡和桃江)的土壤为对象,研究了20年不同土壤培肥方式(不施肥、单施化肥、化肥配施中量/高量猪粪和化肥配施秸秆)对土壤全氮、有机氮组分及氮素矿化的影响.结果显示,与不施肥相比,单施化肥对土壤全氮的影响在新化和宁乡点均不显著,但化肥配施猪粪或秸秆在三个试验点均显著提高了土壤全氮、碱解氮和微生物量氮的含量.总体来看,长期施肥能够提高土壤有机氮各组分的含量,并提高氨基糖氮和氨基酸氮在全氮中的占比,但不同类型肥料施入后对有机氮组分的影响因试验点的不同而异,这可能是不同试验点土壤理化性质差异导致的.相关分析显示土壤酸解有机氮组分与氮矿化势极显著相关,且在三个监测点,有机物配施化肥的处理土壤氮矿化势均高于单施化肥处理.研究表明,虽然土壤性质上的差异可能导致土壤氮组分对施肥措施的响应不同,但有机无机肥配施提高土壤供氮潜力的效果均优于单施化肥.     

Long-term water balances in La Violada Irrigation District (Spain): II. Analysis of irrigation performance

The analysis of long-term irrigation performance series is a valuable tool to improve irrigation management and efficiency. This work focuses in the assessment of irrigation performance indices along years 1995-2008, and the cause-effect relationships with irrigation modernization works taking place in the 4000 ha surface-irrigated La Violada Irrigation District (VID). Irrigation management was poor, as shown by the low mean seasonal irrigation consumptive use coefficient (ICUC = 51%) and the high relative water deficit (RWD = 20%) and drainage fraction (DRF = 54%). April had the poorest irrigation performance because corn (with low water demand in this month) was irrigated to promote its emergence, whereas winter grains (with high water demands in this month) were not fully irrigated in water-scarce years. Corn, highly sensitive to water stress, was the crop with best irrigation performance because it was preferentially irrigated to minimize yield losses. The construction of a new elevated canal that decreased seepage and drainage fractions, the entrance in operation of six internal reservoirs that would increase irrigation scheduling flexibility, and the on-going transformation from surface to sprinkler irrigation systems are critical changes in VID that should lead to improved ICUC, lower RWD and lower DRF. The implications of these modernization works on the conservation of water quantity and quality within and outside VID is further discussed.     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.     

Addition of Leucaena-KX2 mulch in a shaded coffee agroforestry system increases both stable and labile soil C fractions

Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) as soil organic carbon (SOC) because of the increased rates of organic matter addition and retention. However, few studies have characterized the relative stability of sequestered SOC in soil. We characterized SOC storage in aggregate size and chemical stability classes to estimate the relative stability of SOC pools after the addition of Leucaena-KX2 pruning residues (mulch) from 2006 to 2008 in a shaded coffee agroforestry system in Hawaii. Soil samples were separated by microaggregate isolation, density flotation and dispersion, and acid hydrolysis, resulting in five distinct fractions that differed in relative stability: coarse particulate organic matter (POM), fine POM, microaggregate-protected POM, silt + clay hydrolyzable soil organic matter (SOM), and silt + clay non-hydrolyzable SOM. With mulch addition, the fine POM fraction increased. There was also a shift in the proportion of SOC to more stable silt + clay fractions. In the absence of mulch there was no significant change in SOC fractions. Given that the turnover time of SOC in silt + clay fractions is on the order of decades to centuries, the potential benefits of active shade management and mulching compensate for the loss of C sequestration in tree biomass from pollarding.     

Radiosensitivity and capacity for radiation-induced sublethal damage repair of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines

Understanding the inherent radiosensitivity and repair capacity of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can aid in optimizing radiation protocols to treat this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF(2) ), α/β ratio and capacity for sublethal damage repair (SLDR) in response to radiation. Dose-response and split-dose studies were performed using the clonogenic assay. The mean SF(2) for three established TCC cell lines was high at 0.61. All the three cell lines exhibited a low to moderate α/β ratio, with the mean being 3.27. Two cell lines exhibited statistically increased survival at 4 and 24 h in the dose-response assay. Overall, our results indicate that the cell lines are moderately radioresistant, have a high repair capacity and behave similarly to a late-responding normal tissue. These findings indicate that the radiation protocols utilizing higher doses with less fractionation may be more effective for treating TCC.