黄河口刺参苗种的盐度适宜性研究

通过设置不同的盐度梯度(20‰,25‰,30‰,35‰),对黄河三角洲地区养殖的刺参稚参在不同盐度下的生长状况进行了研究。结果表明,黄河三角洲地区刺参生长最适盐度范围在25‰~30‰。过高或过低的盐度对刺参生长产生影响的原因可能是:第一,在呼吸树的作用下,耗氧率增加以调节渗透压,消耗了能量,影响了刺参的生长;第二,刺参体内环境的改变影响了消化酶活性,进而影响刺参的摄食和消化。     

斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系

本文运用生物学统计方法对2700尾斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长主要集中在15．5—17．5cm,体重主要集中在20～35g;体重与全长之间存在极显著相关关系;体重与全长之间的关系主要表现为幂函数关系,其关系式为Y=0．009X2．933。     

体重和温度对草鱼摄食小浮萍的影响

研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)对浮萍的摄食能力及主要影响因素,为合理利用草鱼控制小江回水区浮萍暴发提供依据。草鱼(体重29.7~491.2 g)取自红安县中海农业科技有限公司渔场,小浮萍种源采自重庆市云阳县高阳镇黄莲坝库湾。在试验室条件下研究了草鱼对小浮萍的最大摄食量、最大摄食率与体重和温度的关系。结果表明,在水温(25.82±0.57)℃条件下,随着体重的增加(40.36~478.17 g),草鱼的最大摄食量增大,但最大摄食率呈减小的趋势,两者与体重的相关关系分别为C_(max)=2.460W~(0.779),FR_(max)=246.0W~(-0.221);水温(16.55~30.50℃)对草鱼的最大摄食量和最大摄食率的影响极显著(P0.01),最大摄食量和最大摄食率与水温的回归方程分别为C_(max)=0.074T~(2.045),FR_(max)=0.164T~(1.940);建立的预测不同温度和体重条件下草鱼对小浮萍最大摄食率的模型为:FR_(max)=0.410T~(1.940)W~(-0.221)。     

循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼生长特点研究

通过对鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)为期5个月的养殖监测试验,研究循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼的生长特点。采用线性拟合、指数拟合、乘幂拟合的方法,分析了鞍带石斑鱼全长、体重生长与养殖时间,以及全长与体重的最佳拟合曲线。结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼全长生长与养殖时间以线性回归为佳(y=2.791x-15.716,R2=0.951 2);体重生长与养殖时间以指数回归最佳(y=2.432 3e0.32x,R2=0.996 5);全长与体重以乘幂回归为最佳(y=0.007 3x3.262 8,R2=0.945 3)。对鞍带石斑鱼全长与体重的幂函数关系分析,表明鞍带石斑鱼属正异速生长型(b=3.262 8),说明本研究条件下的循环水养殖模式适用于鞍带石斑鱼的养殖。     

Off-Season Spawning of Eurasian Perch Perca Fluviatilis

This study was designed to determine the effects of the selection for body weight and of two final warming durations during an out-of-season reproductive cycle on gonad recrudescence, plasma steroid levels and spawning in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis males and females. Two different bodyweight classes (200–250 and 350–400 g) and two different warming periods (1 or 2 months) were studied.At the end of the chilling period, a significant effect of the selection for body weight was observed on gonad development whereas fish were the same age. According to higher levels in testosterone (12 ng mL^–1), a better development was recorded for smaller breeders (P < 0.05). A short water warming period up to 14°C (1 month v.s. 2 months) allowed higher rates of females with completed gonadogenesis (33–38% v.s. 7–8%) and spawning (31–33% v.s. 0%) (P < 0.05). Spontaneous out-of-season spawning (17 ribbons) and larvae were obtained. Relative fecundity was about 100 eggs g^–1 of female body weight. Five ribbons were partly fertilized with a rate ranging from 5 to 90%. These studies have shown that delayed spawning in Eurasian perch can be obtained by a temperature manipulation, but results are not sufficient because of low stimulation rate of females, low spawning rates and high heteroge-neity of fertilization rates. The effects of other environmental factors like photoperiod should be tested in further experiment to improve the protocol inducing out-of-season spawning production.     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

Predicting the age of fish using general and generalized linear models of biometric data: A case study of two estuarine finfish from New South Wales, Australia

Direct ageing of fish can be a laborious and expensive task when age estimates from a large population are required, and often involves a degree of subjectivity. This study examined the application of general and generalized linear models that predict the age of fish from a range of efficiently and objectively measured covariates. The data sampled were from yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis (Sparidae) (Owen, 1853)) and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) Cuvier, 1829) populations from New South Wales, Australia. The covariates evaluated in the models were fish length, otolith weight, sex and location (the estuary from which the fish were sampled). Akaike Information Criteria were used for model selection and residual plots of the final models revealed a satisfactory fit to the observations. The best fitting model for each species included all covariates. An additional investigation considered whether general and generalized linear models that predict age from two different categories of biometric information outperform age-length keys with respect to subsequent estimates of total mortality from catch-curve analysis. The two categories of biometric information differed in the ease and cost with which the information could be collected. The first category only included fish length and location as covariates, whilst the second category also included otolith weight and sex. It was found that traditional age-length keys outperformed the predictive models that estimated age from only fish length and location, because the results from the models were prone to significant bias. However, when otolith weight and sex were added as covariates to the predictive models, some of them, including a generalized linear model with a Poisson-distributed response variable, performed similarly to the age-length key. Given that otolith weight and the sex of fish are cheaper to quantify than age from a sectioned otolith in many situations, general or generalized linear models may represent a cheaper and faster method of estimating mortality compared to age-length keys. Such models can also easily incorporate the influence of spatial, temporal and demographic variation.     

木薯粉对罗非鱼生长、饲料利用和鱼体营养成分的影响

选择健康的吉富罗非鱼(体重1.29±0.25 g)为实验鱼,配制五种木薯粉含量分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%的等氮(粗蛋白为32%)、等能(总能为16 kJ·g-1)实验饲料,饲喂罗非鱼56 d,每饲料组设三个重复,研究不同含量木薯粉对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用及全鱼营养成分的影响.结果表明:(1)木薯粉能提高罗非鱼的增重和蛋白质效率,其中以40%木薯粉组的效果最佳,其增重率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数分别为1470.99%(P＜0.05)、2.36(P＜0.05)和1.27(P＜0.05).(2)40%木薯粉组的干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率分别较对照组提高13.87%(P＜0.05)和7.93%(P＜0.05).(3)40%木薯粉组的全鱼粗蛋白、粗灰分分别较对照组显著提高7.07%(P＜0.05)和8.78%(P＜0.05),粗脂肪降低了13.00%(P＜0.05).     

育珠期三角帆蚌的生长及其与珍珠增长的关系

通过对三角帆蚌壳长、壳宽、蚌总重（整体湿重）、内脏团湿重、壳重和珍珠重等指标在5-11月间的逐月连续测定,研究了常规养殖模式下育珠期2龄三角帆蚌在主要生长季节的生长规律及其与珍珠生长的相关性。结果表明：珍珠重(PW)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系分别为PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948)和PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888);而珍珠重(PW)与蚌重(TW)、内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)的关系分别为PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337),PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158)和PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101);三角帆蚌总重(TW)与壳长(SL)、 壳宽(SW)的关系最适合用指数函数进行拟合,其关系式分别为TW=16.003e0.1681SL,(R2=0.7961),和TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822);而内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系则适合为幂函数曲线拟合,关系式分别为BW=0.0188SL3.1427,(R2=0.6927);W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271)和BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617);W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563)。本研究结果发现,珍珠生长与蚌总重、壳长和壳宽等外部测量指标之间的相关性显著,从而无须通过杀蚌取珠而直接通过这些外部生长指标的测定就能较好地了解珍珠的生长,更好地为珍珠养殖生产和管理提供指导。     

小麦低分子量谷蛋白一级结构分析

用数学统计方法和蛋白质序列分析软件对部分已测序的17种低分子量走谷蛋白亚基含氮量、氨基酸含量及一级结构序列进行比较分析。以期从氨基酸层次上揭示其结构和功能及进化上的关系．结果表明：(1)其平均含氮量为17．8％;(2)氨基酸含量基本恒定。以谷氨酰胺的含量最多。且常连接在一起;(3)存在119个保守性氨基酸残基扣两个保守性片段。一个是“QQQ-PPFSQQ”。一个是“IP-VHPSILQQLNPCKVFLQQ—C—P—AM-Q-LARSQM-QS-CHVMQQQCCQQL—QIPQQSRYEAI-AI-YSIILQEQQ”(“-”表示各序列中不同的氨基酸);(4)X84960、X84961、Y14104;X13306、U86025、U86027、U86029两组亚基序列中各具有一定程度的同源性。