茧层量差异家蚕品种后部丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达谱分析

为了研究家蚕茧层量性状的分子调控机制,采用蛋白质双向电泳和图像分析技术,分析了遗传背景基本相同,而结茧性状和茧层量具有明显差异的正常茧、薄皮茧、裸蛹3个家蚕品种的丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达与茧层量的关系。结果表明:裸蛹品种的丝腺细胞蛋白斑点与正常茧品种的蛋白斑点的匹配率仅在65%左右,且存在35%左右的特异蛋白斑点,暗示裸蛹性状可能是主效基因控制的微效多基因遗传;3个品种后部丝腺细胞特异蛋白斑点、匹配蛋白斑点按等电点划分的分布规律具有明显差异,而血液组织相应的分布规律非常相似,暗示丝腺细胞中的蛋白及其基因对家蚕茧层量性状的作用要大于血液组织中的蛋白及其基因;正常茧、薄皮茧和裸蛹3个品种后部丝腺细胞中特异蛋白斑点及上调和下调蛋白斑点中,可能分别存在着与家蚕高茧层量性状、结薄皮茧性状以及不结茧性状有关的蛋白质。     

贵州黄牛杂交F1代直线育肥技术研究

本试验采用6月龄左右的西门塔尔×关岭牛F1代10头、利木赞×关岭牛F1代10头、安格斯×关岭牛F1代10头进行了360 d的强度育肥饲养试验。结果表明，3种杂交牛平均体重分别为550、590、540 kg，平均日增重依序为1413、1485和1367g；每千克增重消耗饲料干物质分别为6.91、6.42、7.10 kg；每增重1 kg饲料成本分别为5.23、4.86、5.38元；净肉率差异不显著，分别为42.5 %、41.5 %和43.0 %。从而认为，贵州杂交黄牛通过直线育肥可以达到优质肉牛18～24月龄（即屠宰前）450～500 kg以上的生产性能。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

气候条件对冬小麦千粒重的影响

通过多年多点多项多品种的小区试验、高产攻关与高产示范，研究了气候条件对冬小麦千粒童的影响。结果表明，从其开花到成熟期的诸因子中，天数是影响冬小麦千粒重高低的主导因子，其次是平均最低气温，平均最高气温的作用最小。冬小麦受干热风的危害较大，在后期浇水不当情况下会引起千粒重下降。干热风对千粒征的危害是多种因素综合影响的结果，而麦田土壤只要能满足小麦对水分的需要，干热风来临时能保持麦株体内的水份平衡，就可极大地削弱干热风的危害程度，使千粒重少下降，甚至不下降；麦田浇水的终止期在乳熟末期前2～3d，水分不足的麦田只要在终止期前浇水，且水量适宜，就有利于千粒重的提高。     

夏大豆植株干物质积累数学模拟研究

对夏大豆濉科8号、中黄13两个品种从出苗至成熟共15次测定了植株质量,建立了数学模型。结果表明:植株、茎叶质量呈慢—快—慢—降的单峰变化趋势,而籽粒质量呈慢—快—慢的S形曲线变化趋势,单株粒重、百粒重则随生育时期呈直线增长趋势。y=ef(t)真实的反映了出苗、始花、终花至成熟期植株、茎叶质量变化。     

Effect of delayed sowing on grain number,grain weight,and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes

Delays in sowing have significant effects on the grain yield, yield components, and grain protein concentrations of winter wheat. However, little is known about how delayed sowing affects these characteristics at different positions in the wheat spikes. In this study, the effects of sowing date were investigated in a winter wheat cultivar, Shannong 30, which was sown in 2019 and 2020 on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) under field conditions. Delayed sowing increased the partitioning of ¹³C-assimilates to spikes, particularly to florets at the apical section of a spike and those occupying distal positions on the same spikelet. Consequently, the increase in grain number was the greatest for the apical sections, followed by the basal and central sections. No significant differences were observed between sowing dates in the superior grain number in the basal and central sections, while the number in apical sections was significantly different. The number of inferior grains in each section also increased substantially in response to delayed sowing. The average grain weights in all sections remained unchanged under delayed sowing because there were parallel increases in grain number and ¹³C-assimilate partitioning to grains at specific positions in the spikes. Increases in grain number m^–2 resulted in reduced grain protein concentrations as the limited nitrogen supply was diluted into more grains. Delayed sowing caused the greatest reduction in grain protein concentration in the basal sections, followed by the central and apical sections. No significant differences in the reduction of the grain protein concentration were observed between the inferior and superior grains under delayed sowing. In conclusion, a 2-week delay in sowing improved grain yield through increased grain number per spike, which originated principally from an increased grain number in the apical sections of spikes and in distal positions on the same spikelet. However, grain protein concentrations declined in each section because of the increased grain number and reduced N uptake.     

苜蓿饲喂杂交肉羊育肥效果试验

为了验证苜蓿饲喂杂交肉羊的效果。选择临床健康的断奶公羔20只、按年龄、体重、相同或相近的原则,配对分为对照组和试验组,每组10头。试验组饲喂养殖场周边地区的苜蓿粉碎切成2~3cm,对照组饲喂秸秆草,经80d饲喂。结果表明:实验组日均增重253g/只,对照组日均增重234/只,试验组比对照组提高8.12%(P0.05);每增加1kg净肉成本试验组24.80元、对照组为27.24元。试验组比对照组成本费减少9.67%。结果表明:苜蓿草饲喂肉羊增重效果显著。     

兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代体重和体尺的相关性研究

本研究旨在探讨兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代羔羊体重和体尺的相关关系,为通过体尺性状估计其体重提供科学的理论依据。试验随机选取80只150日龄兰小杂交F1代羔羊,公、母羔各半,测量其体重（Y）、体长（X₁）、体高（X₂）、胸围（X₃）、管围（X₄）、胸深（X₅）和胸宽（X₆）,运用SPSS 22.0软件分别对公、母羔的体重和体尺数据进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析和相关系数的分解。结果表明,兰小杂交F1代羔羊的体重与体长、体高、胸围、管围、胸深、胸宽均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,公、母羔胸围与体重的相关程度最高,相关系数分别为0.907和0.908,其次为体长,相关系数分别为0.875、0.844。各体尺性状间也呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,其中胸围和体长的相关系数最高。胸围和体长主要通过直接作用影响体重,胸深、管围、体高、胸宽主要通过间接作用影响体重,胸围对体重的直接作用最大,胸深对体重的间接作用最大。公、母羔体重与体尺的最优回归方程分别为：Y=-43.861+0.675X₃+0.394X₁（r=0.945,P<0.01）和Y=-38.378+0.590X₃+0.397X₁（r=0.948,P<0.01）。综上所述,胸围和体长是影响兰小杂交F1代羔羊体重的两个重要因素,在该品种的选育和肥羔的生产过程中,要加强对胸围和体长的选择力度,同时考虑胸深、管围、体高、胸宽的影响。     

两种壳聚糖对小鼠增重和免疫机能影响的试验研究

壳聚糖是一种天然来源的碱性多糖,安全无毒,具有广泛的生物活性作用。作者对壳聚糖促生长、增强动物免疫力的作用进行比较研究。研究结果表明,整个试验阶段各组小鼠的日采食量和日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）;1号与2号壳聚糖高剂量组的T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率极显著(P<0.01)高于空白对照组,并显著高于其他各添加壳聚糖组（P<0.05）;两种壳聚糖的中、高剂量组的吞噬指数、溶菌酶含量与空白对照组相比均有极显著差异（P<0.01）;1号与2号壳聚糖相比,对小鼠碳廓清指数影响的差异极显著（P<0.01）,而对血清溶菌酶含量差异显著（P<0.05）;壳聚糖对小鼠感染兔源大肠杆菌有保护作用,1号壳聚糖保护效果好于2号壳聚糖。     

尿素-SDS-PAGE显示干酪成熟过程中酪蛋白降解生成的小分子多肽

本文采用尿素－SDS－PAGE对多肽标准品MarkerI(2512-16949）的分子量进行了测定，并对干酪成熟过程中酪蛋白降解生成的小分子多肽进行了分析。结果表明，采用16％T，6C物分离胶，6％T，3％C的浓缩胶，6 mol/L的尿素分析系统能清楚地显示分子量为2512－16949的小分子多肽，多肽标准品的直线回归系数R^2=0.9948，样品在固定，染色和脱以过程中不易扩散丢失，不需特殊染色方法，该法是显示小分子多肽物质的简单，快速，有效的方法。对成熟30天的霉菌干酪样品进行分析结果表明，样品中的酪蛋白降解后生成了大量的小分子多肽物质（分子量＜100000Da).