Wind-mediated spread of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in irrigated rice crops

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), a virus known to be transmitted by beetles, can spread between rice plants by direct leaf contact caused by wind. Almost all healthy plants surrounding an infected plant became infected when exposed to a fan blowing for 15 min at a distance of 50 cm. Spread of RYMV by plant contact, mediated by wind, was also demonstrated in field experiments, the extent of spread depending on plant density. Infection was almost 10 times higher in plots with a density of 33 plants m⁻² than in plots with 16 plants m⁻². Less spread was observed in plots protected by 1·5 m high windscreens. It is suggested that wind-mediated spread of RYMV may result from abrasive contact between leaves of plants.     

Biology of a new virus isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants in Alaska

A new virus named Nootka lupine vein-clearing virus (NLVCV) was isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants that were confined to a relatively small area in the Talkeetna mountains of south-central Alaska. Annual surveys (2000–03) consistently found leaf symptoms of pronounced vein clearing and mosaic on 3- to 4-week-old plants in late June. Spherical particles ≈30 nm in diameter were isolated from these leaves. Virions contained a single-stranded RNA of ≈4·0–4·2 kb and one species of capsid protein estimated to be ≈40 kDa. The double-stranded RNA profile from naturally infected leaves consisted of three major bands ≈4·2, 1·9 and 1·5 kbp. Protein extractions from either sap or virions of diseased plants reacted to polyclonal antiserum made against the virions in Western blot assays. A predicted PCR product ≈500 bp was synthesized from virion RNA using primers specific to the carmovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA did not match any known virus, but contained short regions of identity to several carmoviruses. Only species belonging to the Fabaceae were susceptible to NLVCV by mechanical inoculation. Based on dsRNA profile, size of virion RNA genome and capsid protein, and similarity of the RDRP gene to that of other carmoviruses, it is suggested that NLVCV is a member of the family Tombusviridae , and tentatively of the genus Carmovirus . As the host range, RDRP gene and dsRNA profile of NLVCV are different from those of known viruses, this is a newly described plant virus.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

水泡性口炎病毒人工感染小白鼠的组织学和免疫组织化学观察

水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）具有广泛的宿主范围，临床血清学调查发现，许多动物表现为血清阳性[1]，可以感染多种试验动物和禽类。感染动物大多数表现为阴性感染和持续性感染，本试验以小白鼠为攻毒对象，探讨VSV在体内的致病作用，进一步了解病毒在机体内的分布及其所引起的组织病理学变化。     

种公猪精液中猪瘟和蓝耳病病毒混合感染的快速检测

参考GenBank公布的猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)VL2332株、LV株以及猪瘟兔化弱毒(CSFV)C株的基因序列,各设计合成了一对引物,建立了在相同PCR扩增条件下能同时检测PRRSV和CSFV的RT-PCR方法。对2003~2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的17个大中型猪场送检的186份种公猪精液进行了检测,结果18份呈PRRSV阳性,24份呈CSFV阳性,其中有11份为PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染,约占送检精液样品的5.91%。试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法可用于精液中这2种野毒感染的快速鉴定和分子流行病学调查。     

鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体的研制及应用

应用雏鸭病毒性肝炎病毒（DHV）弱毒疫苗和DHV油乳剂灭活苗多次免疫产蛋鸡，制备鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体，自制鸭病毒性肝炎病毒高免卵黄抗体的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间。实验室试验及临床应用结果表明，卵黄抗体的中和效价应达2^8以上，并且在感染DHV 24h以内对雏鸭进行肌肉注射，治疗效果最为理想。     

鸡新城疫强毒株的分离与鉴定

从山东某鸡场的产蛋下降而无其他典型ND症状的高抗体蛋鸡群中分离到一株病毒。经过试验鉴定．该分离株具有血凝性，且可被ND标准阳性血清所抑制和中和，不能被AI（H5亚型与H9亚型）标准阳性血清抑制；该病毒的最小致死量病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）为50．4，1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种分离病毒致病指数（ICPI）为1．85，6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种致病指数（WPI）为2．42，回归试验鸡出现了新城疫症状和病变，该病毒株确定为新城疫病毒强毒型，并暂命名为ShD-dzh04。     

西尼罗热病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

参考Genebank发表的西尼罗热病毒(West Nile virus，WNV)E糖蛋白基因序列，自行设计合成一对引物，对WNV进行RT—PCR扩增，产物经琼脂糖电泳分析，呈现一条约400bp的条带，将其克隆入pMD18-T—Vector载体中，并进行序列测定，与已发表的WNV基因比较发现，核苷酸的同源性为99．7％，证实为WNV的E基因，通过对样品多次检测，都能扩增出一条约400bp的条带，表明该方法比较稳定。     

我国部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PKRSV）ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物．对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增．获得约748bp的DNA片断，将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中，并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列，并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较，结果表明：SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98．5％，与CH-1a同源性为91．0％，与其它毒株同源性为86．6％~88．4％；F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99．3％～99．7％．其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群．显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。     

血清中IBV特异性IgG及总IgG含量变化规律的研究

本研究采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的SPF鸡血清中特异性抗体及总IgG含量进行检测并比较其相关性.结果表明感染IBV-M41第1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、10d、14d、21 d、28 d的血清中特异性抗体水平随感染天数增加而升高,于第14天达到最高,之后略呈降低趋势,与健康对照比较差异显著(P＜0.01);总IgG含量较健康对照组增幅小,差异显著(P＜0.01).同时,两者的消长趋势基本一致.