小麦BES1转录因子基因 TaBEH3的克隆及表达分析

BES1(油菜素内酯不敏感1-甲磺酸乙酯-抑制剂1)是一类植物特有的转录因子家族, TaBEH3基因是小麦 BES1基因家族成员之一,为进一步了解该基因的功能,以中国春为材料,克隆了 TaBEH3基因,将其3个同源基因分别命名为 TaBEH3-A、 TaBEH3-B和 TaBEH3-D。序列分析显示,3个同源基因均包含2个外显子,分别编码356、354和358个氨基酸,启动子区含有大量与植物生长发育、激素响应相关的顺式作用元件,其中,分生组织表达元件（CAT-box）和脱落酸响应元件（ABRE）在3个基因中普遍存在。系统进化树分析显示, TaBEH3基因在麦类作物中具有更近的亲缘关系。基于qRT-PCR进行的时空表达分析显示, TaBEH3基因在不同组织和不同器官间均有组成性表达,表明 TaBEH3基因在植物生长发育（特别是花器官的发育和形成）过程中具有重要的作用。 TaBEH3-A、 TaBEH3-B和 TaBEH3-D基因响应ABA激素胁迫处理,且3个基因的表达量变化趋势一致。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌高产毒素菌株的筛选

通过比较6株蜡蚧轮枝菌(V3450、Vp28、V l6063、V0175、V342和V341)对烟粉虱3龄若虫的毒力和6株菌株代谢浓缩液对烟粉虱1龄若虫的忌避作用和毒杀作用,筛选出高产毒素菌株.结果表明:6株蜡蚧轮枝菌的LC50分别为2.57×105、6.03×105、6.03×105、1.70×106、7.41×106、1.66×107孢子.mL-1,表明菌株V3450、Vp28、V l6063的毒力比另外3株高;6株菌株代谢浓缩液对烟粉虱1龄若虫的忌避率分别为76.40%、78.22%、73.54%、52.7%、40.80%、53.33%,死亡率分别为80.27%、71.90%、66.66%、50.86%、40.57%、46.67%,表明菌株V3450、Vp28、V l6063的产毒能力比另外3株强,由此筛选出V3450、Vp28、V l6063为高产毒素菌株.     

苹果CAX基因家族生物信息学和表达分析

[目的] CAX(Ca2+/H+exchanger antiporter)是一类重要的跨膜转运蛋白,在植物体内阳离子转运上起着非常重要的作用.本文对苹果MdCAXs基因进行了生物信息学和组织特异性表达分析,以期为该类基因的功能研究奠定基础.[方法]利用生物信息学的方法对苹果MdCAXs基因家族染色体定位、蛋白质等电点、亲疏水性、跨膜区域、亚细胞定位及保守结构域进行了预测和分析,同时还分析了MdCAXs基因与其他物种CAXs基因的进化关系.采用实时荧光定量PCR法对苹果MdCAXs基因在不同盐处理下根、茎、叶中的表达变化进行分析.[结果]苹果MdCAXs家族包含8个成员,分别属于CAXsⅠ型中的A亚型和B亚型,编码436～817个氨基酸,等电点4.97～7.12,且都为疏水性蛋白;所有MdCAXs基因编码的氨基酸都有11个及以上的跨膜区域,含有CAXs基因5个典型的功能域:N-端自抑制区域(NRR)、C-端功能区域、Ca2+功能域(CaD)、C功能域和D功能域.亚细胞定位预测MdCAXs主要是定位在质膜和内质网上.苹果MdCAXs基因具有组织特异性表达特点,不同种类盐处理根、茎、叶中表达发生不同程度的变化,反映了MdCAXs存在功能上的差异,对不同阳离子有特异性的应答反应.[结论]苹果MdCAXs是一类跨膜转运蛋白,具有植物CAXs基因典型的结构特征,根、茎、叶对不同的盐离子具有不同的表达响应.     

Resistance to bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) in Spanish pea (Pisum sativum) landraces

Pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) has long been known to be present in pea growing areas of Spain and to cause serious crop losses, although there is no published record of its occurrence. A collection of 16 isolates from a winter pea trial in Valladolid in 1991 which were shown in this study to be P.s. pv. pisi races 4 and 6 would appear to be the first published record of the disease in Spain. This occurrence of races 4 and 6 is the same as reported for winter-sown peas in the South of France. Ten Pisum sativum landraces from different geographical areas of Spain and considered to be representative of the traditional pea crop, were tested for resistance to seven races of P.s. pv. pisi. Seedlings of each landrace were stem inoculated with the type strain of each race in a glasshouse. Resistance exhibited by the different landraces mainly conformed to those previously described in pea cultivars indicating various combinations of the main resistance genes: R3, R2+4, R3+4 and R2+3+4. R3 was the most frequent R gene, being present in all landraces. R4 was present in four and R2 in three of the landraces tested. Variation for resistance within landraces was limited except for landrace accessions ZP-0102, ZP-0109 and ZP-0137 which also showed variation for morphological traits. The resistance responses of landrace ZP-0109 were difficult to interpret, but suggested a genetic mixture with some evidence of less well documented R genes, R5 and/or R6, and possibly some unknown resistance to race 6. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

猪源致病性沙门氏菌耐药基因的分析

采用平板稀释法，选用氨基糖苷类、四环素类、磺胺类和氯霉素类4大类抗生素的11种药物，对30株猪源致病性沙门氏菌进行了药敏试验，结果有28株菌（93．3％）至少对一种药物有耐药性；对四环素、强力霉素、磺胺甲基异口恶唑、复方新诺明、链霉素、卡那霉索和氯霉素有耐药性的菌株较普遍，在所有菌株中占比例分别为83．3％、80％、80％、76．7％、60％、56．7％和56．7％。设计了25对引物，对耐药基因进行了扩增及序列测定，结果扩增到13种耐药基因，与GenBank中的相应基因有很高的同源性（≥98．1％）。30株猪源致病性沙门氏菌中至少含有一种耐药基因的菌株有28株（93．3％），sul1、aph（3′）-Ⅱa、tetC、Catl、tetA和aadAl耐药基因较为普遍，检出率分别为76．7％、60％、60％、43．3％、40％和36．7％。药敏试验结果与耐药基因检测结果有很高的一致性（≥88％）。     

双隐性甜糯玉米的主要农艺及品质性状

利用糯玉米(wxwx)分别与普甜玉米(su1su1)和超甜玉米(sh2sh2)杂交,在F1代的果穗上分离出纯合双隐性甜糯玉米(su1su1wxwx或sh2sh2wxwx),再同时种植双隐性甜糯玉米及亲本普甜玉米、超甜玉米和糯玉米,观测了一系列农艺性状,并分析了甜糯双隐性基因的互作效应.主要结果如下:(1)双隐性甜糯玉米的三叶期出现最迟,株高较高.(2)大部分     

Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

植物转基因沉默的机制及克服方法

植物转基因沉默可以发生在染色体DNA、转录和转录后3种不同的层次上,转录水平基因沉默机制涉及DNA甲基化、位置效应、重复序列和同源序列等的作用,转录后水平基因沉默机制常用RNA阈值模型、异常RNA模型、双链RNA模型和未成熟翻译终止模型等解释。使用去甲基化、控制外源基因的拷贝数及结合位点、利用MAR序列、优化使用增强子、启动子等手段可以解除部分转基因沉默。     

DNA甲基化与基因组印记

综合论述了DNA甲基化与基因组印记的最新研究进展,论述了它们的生物学意义,并阐述了两者的关系.     

Changes in selected stress and immune‐related genes in Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua,following overcrowding

Using Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, as a model for the stress response in gadoid fish, the changes in the expression of some stress and immune genes as well as the profiles of plasma cortisol were examined. Adult fish were kept at a density of ca. 100 kg m^?3 by lowering the water level in the rearing tank for 1 h and this short‐term crowding stress was repeated thrice over a 12‐h interval period. Blood samples were collected before exposure and at 2, 24 and 72 h post crowding. Plasma cortisol level significantly increased at 2 h post crowding but returned to pre‐crowding levels 24 h after exposure. The relative expression of the stress response genes, glucose transporter‐3 and a putative heat shock protein 70 significantly increased at 2 and 24 h post crowding respectively. Significant up‐regulation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8, as well as anti‐bacterial genes, g‐type lysozyme and bactericidal permeability‐increasing protein/lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (BPI/LBP) was also observed at 2 h and the levels were maintained until 72 h post exposure, except for BPI/LBP which had maximum up‐regulation at 24 h. The present observations have implications with respect to fish welfare and assessment of the health status of the farmed fish.