丹麦的水貂养殖业

根据有关丹麦水貂养殖业发展的历史经验及近20年来的种貂存栏数据资料，对丹麦的水貂养殖业现状进行了分析，并对1985～2005年丹麦水貂农场数量和貂场种貂存栏数量进行了比较。通过对丹麦水貂养殖业的分析对迅速发展的中国水貂养殖业有借鉴意义。     

中国野桑蚕人工饲料育研究初报

为解决野桑蚕作为试验昆虫在室内饲养难的问题,以江苏启东野桑蚕为材料,用家蚕低成本饲料进行了饲育研究。在催青期温度25℃、饲育温度27~25℃以及光照条件1~2龄12 L 12 D、3~5龄15 L 9 D的条件下,野桑蚕人工饲料育的2龄起蚕率为31.3%,幼虫期20~48 d,雌、雄蛹体质量分别为0.45、0.25 g,蛹期17~23 d,雌蛾平均产卵266粒,产滞育卵的母蛾占45.0%。研究结果表明,人工饲料育能够使野桑蚕顺利完成世代发育。     

3种冷季型草坪草混播配方优化组合筛选试验

在河西走廊中部地区气候条件下,通过对草地早熟禾Poa pratensis、高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne3种冷季型草坪草18种混播配方进行了成坪品质的观察测定,筛选出了适应当地气候条件的优化组合配方10个。     

围栏封育对环湖地区高寒草原植物群落地上生物量的影响

研究了围栏封育对环湖地区高寒草原植物群落地上生物量的影响,结果表明：在牧草的整个生长季,总生物量呈单峰曲线变化,生育初期地上生物量最小,到8月上旬生物量达到最大,为267.1g/m2。围栏封育有利于优良牧草（禾草＋莎草）的生长,提高优良牧草的百分比组成;抑制阔叶草（豆科＋杂草）的生长,降低其百分比组成。     

Technical efficiency of different farm sizes for tilapia farming in China

China is the world's largest tilapia producer. This study uses the stochastic frontier function in the Cobb–Douglas model to evaluate a production frontier for tilapia aquaculture and analyses the relationship between farm size and production efficiency in China. A random sample of 300 tilapia farmers was surveyed in the main tilapia‐producing areas to study their economic efficiencies. The percentage distribution of tilapia farm technical efficiency was determined, with an average efficiency of 79%, which showed that the sample tilapia farmers operate at 21% below the production frontier and hence that they still have a chance to achieve targeted yields. The technical efficiencies of two categories (≤1 ha and >1 ha) were 78.82% and 79.27% respectively. A second‐stage analysis investigated the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency and showed a positive relationship between farm size and production efficiency based on the ordinary least‐squares model. The optimal farm size was found to be 7.50 ha. This study proposes strategies such as enlarging the farming scale moderately, thereby achieving the advantage of economies of scale, and enhancing the competitiveness of the tilapia industry in China.     

南京地区国庆小菊品种筛选及栽培技术研究

国庆小菊是指一类具有成花量大、色彩丰富艳丽、栽培管理简单粗放、在自然气候条件下盛花期集中在10月1日左右的早小菊。本课题通过3年时间的引种、栽培和筛选,从57个供试品种中产生了南京地区适用的红、黄、白、紫4个色系的9个小菊推广品种。通过探索其优质盆花生产配套技术的试验──扦插、矮化、整形和花期控制,并在其基础上,提出了南京地区国庆小萄栽培的工艺流程。     

关中灌区小麦茎基腐病及地下害虫的化学防治试验

为探索关中灌区小麦茎基腐病及麦田地下害虫的化学防治方法。运用绿色环保型杀菌、杀虫剂的不同组合,以试验的方法和拌种的技术,探索合适的农药品种及配伍。结果表明：杀菌+杀虫复配剂,能有效抑制小麦茎基腐病病菌的浸染、发展,控制地下害虫的危害。关中罐区的小麦茎基腐病及麦田地下害虫,可以通过化学方法得到较好的防治,进而达到增产的目的。     

Bioassays and application of olive pomace compost on emmer: effects on yield and soil properties in organic farming

Abstract

Composting olive oil pomace could solve the problem of disposal, by recycling this organic waste for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, application of composted organic waste could be a way to sustain both soil fertility and production, especially in organic farming. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the phytotoxicity and the effects of application of olive pomace composts on emmer performance and soil properties. Two types of olive pomace composts, with a different initial C/N ratio, were stopped at the active phase and processed until maturation. The obtained four olive pomace composts were compared with a commercial fertilizer in a two-year field experiment. Before the field trial, a bioassay was performed to assess phytotoxicity both for the raw pomace and the not-stabilized composts. Growing and yielding data for emmer were determined during the two-year period and soil characteristics were measured at the start and at the end of the experiment.

The composts were not phytotoxic (germination index was higher than 90%) and their total organic carbon content was always higher than the minimum values established by the Italian fertilizers legislation. The emmer protein content was significantly higher in the matured compost treatment with low C/N, than in the other compost treatments. Its value was comparable with that of the commercial fertilizer, suggesting a good performance on crop yield quality. Although not significant, this compost showed an increase of 9.8% in grain yield compared with commercial fertilizer treatment. On the whole, it can be suggested that repeated compost application might preserve the soil organic carbon content and supply macronutrients to a crop.     

冷季型草坪草建植管理技术研究

采用正交设计进行施肥里、刈割高度、播量，草坪草品种4因素4水平试验，通过测定草坪草越冬率，越夏率，成坪时间，叶绿素，杂草盖度，生长度，初步筛选出不同目的冷季型草坪草的建植管理方案。     

北方运动场草坪冬季加热保温技术的研究

冬季对北方运动场草坪进行了加热保温技术处理 ,结果表明 :增温保绿效果显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,在冬季 (12月至 2月初 )各处理草坪地表温度比大气温度平均高 6～ 9℃。水加热 (太阳能集热器 ) +覆膜 (塑料薄膜 )处理增温保绿效果较好 ,其次是单一覆膜处理 ,而电加热 (地热线 ) +覆膜处理增温保绿效果较差。每周揭膜 (8～ 2 0h) 1次保温最好 ,而每日揭膜 1次不利于温度的积累。单一覆膜处理经济有效 ,简单易行 ,投资后的使用成本仅为 4 .90元 /m2 ,应是北方运动场草坪冬季加热保温技术中的首选方法。水加热 (太阳能 ) +覆膜技术处理虽增温保绿效果好 ,但投资后的使用成本较高 ,为 14.6 9元 /m2 ;电加热 +覆膜处理投资后的使用成本为 8.97元 /m2 。冬季对草坪采用加热保温技术处理后 ,草坪早春生长优势明显 ,且未对以后季节草坪草的生长造成不利影响。