Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.     

水库汛期分期方法研究及其应用

应用矢量统计法和相对频率法，基于年最大值取样以及超定量取样进行汛期分期计算，并与现有的方法进行比较研究。实例应用结果表明，这两种方法均可用于汛期的分期计算中，具有一定的实用价值。     

旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机的设计

针对我国西北旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机仿形能力差、拾净率低的问题,设计了一种旱地全膜双垄沟滚筒式残膜捡拾机。同时,阐述了整机结构及工作原理,并通过机构分析和计算确定了关键部件工作参数,旨在为残膜回收提供一种新的机具。     

基于投入产出模型的MICK-4FI模式研究

波特竞争战略侧重从外部行业环境角度解释企业运营问题,但是实证分析结果证明资源对企业发展影响重大。针对目前尚无具体模式研究企业如何立足现有资源进行发展问题,本文基于资源基础论,将企业资源具体分为物质、信息、资金和知识资源(MICK),提出了MICK-4FI(四流集成)资源运营模式,借助投入产出模型构建MICK-4FI模式分析框架。文中利用聚焦和杠杆作用定性地解释了企业培育或者集成资源,即企业获取资源形成竞争优势的机理。本模式将资源基础论应用到企业实践层次,解决了企业通过集成运营内外部资源以求快速发展的路径依赖问题。资源运营理论从微观资源角度分析企业经营,与波特从宏观行业分析的理论共同构成一套系统的企业运营理论体系。     

水稻旱作覆膜节水增产试验研究

通过水稻旱作全程覆膜与半程覆膜、旱作不覆膜及水栽对比试验，研究其耗水规律，计算其节水量与增产量，并进行经济效益分析，提出了适合本地区的栽培模式。     

苹果果树渗灌试验研究

1989到1991年对10年生国光和金帅苹果品种的果树进行的渗灌试验结果如下:1,能节水并可防涝;2,可增加土壤孔隙度,提高土壤养分含量;3,增加吸收根数量,促进树体的生长发育。座果率和单株(或单位面积)产量均比漫灌(对照)区高;4,到1991年,果品质量有了明显的改善;5,多孔陶土管成本低;6,田间管理方便。     

AutoCAD与Power Point的图形转换

对PowerPoint绘图功能有限、对一些复杂的工程设计图很难绘制这一问题，在AutoCAD与PowerPoint之间进行数据交换，使精确的AutoCAD图形转换到PowerPoint中；研究提出了图形转换中提高显示效果需要注意的几个问题，以及在PowerPoint中编辑AutoCAD图形的一些技巧，并给出了具体的操作步骤。     

农机专业《机械制造工艺学》教学方法的探讨

《机械制造工艺学》是工科院校中一门实践性强、涉及面广、灵活性大又十分重要的专业课，对培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力、创新能力、实践能力等起着重要的作用。为此对农机类专业的《机械制造工艺学》课程教学方法进行了探讨，提出了一些教学措施，并通过实践，取得较好效果。     

新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展研究

分析和研究了加入WTO后新疆农机化而临的机遇、挑战及对新疆农机化的深远影响，并提出了在新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展的对策。