两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及投喂河蟹苗效果的研究

采用实验生态学方法对两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫(内蒙品系和盘锦品系)的种群增长和投喂蟹苗的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,两品系轮虫的种群增长差异不显著,两者平均瞬时增长率分别为0.42 d-1和0.40 d-1。在投喂蟹苗的效果方面,褶皱臂尾轮虫内蒙品系好于盘锦品系。用内蒙品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,幼体变态至大眼幼体的存活率为71.65%,用盘锦品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,变态至大眼幼体的存活率为62.50%。     

西瓜未授粉子房的离体培养

为了探讨西瓜未授粉子房诱导率的影响因素,以‘早春红玉’、‘西农9号’和‘小绿皇’为供试材料进行西瓜未授粉子房的离体培养,研究供体植株的黑暗热激处理、基因型、不同取样时间、2,4-D浓度和不同激素浓度组合等因素对其芽点诱导率的影响。结果表明:西瓜未授粉子房离体培养以33℃的条件下黑暗热激4 d效果最佳;以开花前1 d的子房诱导率最高为17.2%;3个品种中仅‘早春红玉’获得了再生植株,且在激素组合为4.0 mg·L-12,4-D+2.0 mg·L-16-BA+0.5 mg·L-1NAA时芽点率最高为15.0%;根据再生植株的根尖染色体数目,初步鉴定再生植株中有单倍体植株,还有二倍体和四倍体植株。     

Gastral Drumming in Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Vibrational Communication at Night Suggests Additional Roles in Colony Organization

Gastral drumming (GD) is a type of vibrational communication that has been reported in several species of yellowjackets and hornets. Despite early claims that it acts as a hunger signal, a more recent study found evidence that it acts as a nest-based food-recruitment signal, the first reported for eusocial wasps. Early studies also claimed, without supporting data, that it is produced most often in the early morning hours when the sun rises. Here, I recorded drumming continuously in colonies of Vespula germanica (Fabricius) to assess whether production was highest in the morning. Although I found no evidence in support of greater early morning production, I found, surprisingly, that it is produced at night, a time when foraging does not occur. When these results are combined with the results from previous studies on this species and similar findings in honey bees, they suggest that GD may be a modulatory signal, which acts by increasing general activity levels and by increasing the rate that individuals come into contact with social cues.     

马铃薯替代玉米对鸡营养物质代谢率的影响

将 40只 48周龄的蛋鸡随机分成 4组 ,分别饲喂用 5 %、10 %、2 0 %的马铃薯替代玉米的日粮。结果表明 ,饲喂 10 %马铃薯替代玉米的日粮 ,其代谢能和钙表观利用率与其他组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,蛋白质和磷表观利用率都高于其它各组 (P <0 0 1)。     

水温和盐度对大菱鲆稚鱼存活的影响

采用突然改变温度和盐度的方法,试验不同水温和盐度对大菱鲆稚鱼存活的影响。试验结果表明,水温为15.0~18.0℃、盐度为28~32,大菱鲆稚鱼存活率最高;用曲线回归的方法求出24 h内存活率与温度的关系式,其回归方程为y=-0.5506x2 18.4970x-53.13,依此得到大菱鲆稚鱼的高、低起始致死温度为26.54℃和7.06℃。依同样方法得到24h内存活率与盐度的回归方程为y=-0.4353x2 23.4226x-213.81,高、低起始致死盐度为37.76和16.05。经t检验显著相关(P<0.01)。     

Physiological responses of young thoroughbred horses to intermittent high-intensity treadmill training

Background

Training of young Thoroughbred horses must balance development of cardiopulmonary function and aerobic capacity with loading of the musculoskeletal system that can potentially cause structural damage and/or lameness. High-speed equine treadmills are sometimes used to supplement exercise on a track in the training of young Thoroughbreds because the horse can run at high speeds but without the added weight of a rider. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent high-intensity exercise on a treadmill of young Thoroughbred horses entering training can enhance development of aerobic capacity (Vo₂max) and running performance more than conventional training under saddle, and do so without causing lameness.

Results

Twelve yearling Thoroughbreds trained for 8 months with conventional riding (C) only, conventional riding plus a short (2 month, S) interval of once-per-week high-intensity treadmill exercise, or a long (8 month, L) interval of once-per-week high-intensity treadmill exercise. Three treadmill exercise tests evaluated Vo₂max, oxygen transport and running performance variables in June of the yearling year (only for L), October of the yearling year and April of the 2-year-old year. No horses experienced lameness during the study. Aerobic capacity increased in all groups after training. In both October and April, Vo₂max in L was higher than in C, but did not differ between L and S or S and C. Running speeds eliciting Vo₂max also increased in all groups after training, with S (809 ± 3 m/s) and L (804 ± 9 m/s) higher than C (764 ± 27 m/s). Maximum heart rate decreased for all groups after training. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration increased for L throughout training.

Conclusions

Young Thoroughbred horses can increase aerobic capacity and running performance more than by strictly using track training under saddle with the addition of intermittent high-intensity treadmill exercise, and they can do so without experiencing lameness. This finding suggests that young racehorses might be able to achieve higher aerobic fitness during training without subjecting their musculoskeletal systems to increased loading and risk of developing lameness. The findings of this preliminary study do not indicate a specific protocol to best achieve this goal.     

金花茶嫁接繁殖试验研究

以普通金花茶、显脉金花茶和细叶金花茶为接穗,以普通油茶为砧木,进行影响金花茶嫁接繁殖成活率因子的试验研究。结果表明:不同金花茶品种类型、嫁接时期、接穗木质化程度、光照和湿度等因子对金花茶嫁接繁殖成活率均存在较大影响。3种不同的金花茶品种类型中,细叶金花茶的嫁接成活率最高;5~6月是金花茶嫁接的最佳时机;金花茶嫁接接穗以半木质化至木质化为好;温度25℃左右,光照(透光度)15%~25%、空气相对湿度85%~90%是金花茶嫁接苗的适宜培养环境条件。     

三疣梭子蟹不同养殖模式池塘叶绿素a的变化特征及粒级结构

2010年6～11月在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)3种不同养殖模式的池塘中观测了叶绿素a浓度的变化及其粒级结构。结果表明:池塘中叶绿素a浓度变化范围为(5.29±0.13)～(48.00±15.03)mg.m-3,最低值出现在养殖初期6月份,最高值出现在夏季8月份。养殖期间,池塘叶绿素a浓度显著高于港湾和近海。比较3种不同养殖模式的叶绿素a浓度,以"高位池"最高,"底充氧"其次,"增氧机"最低,但叶绿素a浓度的变化规律基本一致,呈现出养殖初期低,然后迅速上升,至8月份达最高值,再缓慢下降。分析认为,在海水养殖生态系统中,叶绿素a浓度主要受环境因子尤其是营养盐浓度分布的影响。三疣梭子蟹养殖池塘中叶绿素a浓度粒级结构表明,Nano-粒级为主要贡献者,平均贡献率达66.9%;Pico-粒级次之,平均贡献率为22.8%;Net-粒级贡献率最小,仅为10.3%。在三疣梭子蟹养殖池塘中,Nano-粒级浮游植物是初级生产力的主要来源,而Pico-粒级光合微生物对初级生产力的作用不容小视。     

石河子垦区奶牛临床型乳房炎的发病规律及治疗现状

为了统计和研究石河子垦区大中型奶牛场临床型乳房炎的发病规律及治疗情况,选择石河子垦区6个大中型奶牛场2 600头奶牛作为调查对象,通过对临床型乳房炎进行鉴定及不同治疗方法进行比较。结果表明2 600头奶牛在4—9月份临床型乳房炎发病270头,发病率10.38%;10—3月份发病163头,发病率6.99%。目前在石河子垦区大中型牛场一般常见的治疗药物主要有左旋咪唑拌料、青霉素钾或先锋Ⅴ等＋糖皮质激素、中草药组方和青霉素钾或先锋Ⅴ等＋中草药组方等。结果,经过预防和治疗后,在4—9月份奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率降至4.92%;10—3月份奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率降至3.00%。调查结果表明：中西医结合用药对临床型乳房炎起到了积极的治疗作用。     

盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响

研究了大菱鲆(Scophamusmaximus)幼鱼由盐度34向低盐(盐度28、23、18、12、6)以及向高盐(盐度40)适应过程中代谢率的变化。结果表明:盐度改变后,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率都呈现出不同程度的逐渐升高趋势,随着盐度突变范围的增大,变化趋势更为明显。在突变后24h左右,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率出现高峰值,48h后恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的耗氧率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。在突变后9～15h排氨率出现高峰值,48h后各组大菱鲆幼鱼的排氨率恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的排氨率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。