Distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in three repeated operating ages of the blood cockle Anadara granosa cultivation in Bandon Bay,Suratthani Province,Southern Thailand

The diversity, distribution and species richness of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna as well as benthic environments were examined in the blood cockle Anadara granosa cultivations at Ban Don Bay, Suratthani Province, Southern Thailand during the summer season of April and rainy season of October in 2017. The cockle cultivations of three repeated operating ages (<5 years: S1; 5–10 years: S2; more than 10 years: S3) were selected for the study, and the sampling sites were allocated at the centre of the farm. Results indicated that there were significant differences in species number, individual number and evenness index of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna found in the two sampling seasons (p < .05) and significant differences in individual number and evenness index were found among the sampling sites (p < .05). Significant differences in pH, total phosphorus levels, sulphide levels and organic matter of sediment were found between the sampling seasons (p < .05) and differences in total nitrogen level, organic matter and clay content were found among the sampling sites (p < .05). Among the independent variables analysed, correlation analysis showed no relationship between diversity index, species richness index and evenness index and the abiotic variables (p < .05). The results of the present study suggest that the distribution and diversity variations of the benthic macroinvertebrates community fauna are not affected by all sediment parameters in various repeated cultivation of the blood cockle Anadara granosa in Bandon Bay, Suratthani Province.     

速生高抗林木新品种高效培育技术体系与产业化

论述了现阶段国家对林业的需求是生态环境改善及木材“量”的严重短缺,林业用材林培育目标是提高林木产量,为此育种的关键任务是速生高抗林木新品种培育,其培育重点是高质量营养体的营养生长问题。在种业发展方面苗木生产比重远远大于种子,无性系林业繁育技术的发展,进一步提高了苗木生产的比重。在现阶段,林木品质方面的要求可以通过树种的选择得到解决,也更符合林业发展实际;林木抗性育种的难点主要是林木对物理环境和病虫害的抗性要求更高,除了一般的条件限制因素之外,还需要经历整个培育周期数十年内的极端条件。鉴于林业的特殊性,应该得到国家更多的支持,从而解决我国林业面临的国民经济发展、生态环境改善及低碳经济需求的三重压力;同时指出林业种苗业科技创新对“速生高抗林木新品种高效培育技术体系与产业化”的重要性。     

Nursery areas of Micromesistius poutassou and Sardina pilchardus unveil their reproductive strategies in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Winter conditions in the NW Mediterranean cause instability of the water column and non-geostrophic dynamics, such as vertical mixing and convection are significant. These events involve nutrient supply to the photic zone that can sustain high productivity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of winter hydrodynamics on the spawning strategies of Sardina pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) off the Catalan coast. The occurrence of S. pilchardus eggs very close to the coast indicated a clear preference of the species for spawning in coastal areas. Preflexion and postflexion larvae exhibited a slightly wider distribution showing a clear association with the cold, less saline and more productive coastal waters. Preflexion larvae of M. poutassou were found on the upper slope and over the shelf, being offshore limited by the shelf/slope front present all along the slope. The front would act as a barrier preventing their dispersion towards the open sea. M. poutassou larvae in advanced developmental stages were located close to the coast in the productive shelf waters, with instabilities of the front contributing to larval transport from offshore waters to the coast. The vertical distribution of both species showed high variability, not only related with the daily cycle or developmental stage, but also with the vertical structure of the water column. Overall, the results provide some clues on how the spawning strategies of both species may evolve under future scenarios of higher winter-stratification, because of the global warming.     

万寿菊比空栽培技术研究

万寿菊比空栽培技术是提高万寿菊产量的有效方法。比空方法通过增强分枝,主攻单株产量;通过增加田间通透性达到抗病、增产的效果。     

Type and time of autumn tillage with and without herbicides at reduced rates in southern Sweden: 2. Weed flora and diversity

The design of integrated weed management (IWM) systems is essential in order to reduce the use of herbicides for crop production. By combining different weed management practices, herbicides may be used at lower doses than normally recommended, while still maintaining acceptable weed population levels. The purpose of this study was to develop tillage strategies, with and without herbicides at reduced rates, appropriate for different weed populations. The influences of type and time of stubble cultivation, harrowing and mouldboard ploughing on the weed flora were followed during 1988–1994 in eight long-term field trials situated in southern Sweden. Spring-sown barley (Hordeum distichon L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) dominated the crop rotations. Herbicides were either omitted or used at ca. 50% of a full dose. The perennial species Sonchus arvensis L. was favoured by omittance of ploughing but was better controlled by late ploughing not preceded by stubble cultivation; the reduction in the latter treatment being 74%. Stubble cultivation succeeded by ploughing reduced biomass of Elymus repens (L.) Gould. by 90% compared with ploughing solely. Early ploughing reduced the biomass of the species by 50% compared with late ploughing. The species Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. was highly favoured by early ploughing followed by late autumn harrowing, the biomass of the species being six-fold higher than in other treatments. Compared with other treatments, stubble cultivation favoured four annuals but efficiently controlled three others, while omittance of ploughing favoured six annual and two perennial weed species. Late ploughing not preceded by stubble cultivation favoured four annual and one perennial species, while early ploughing was more efficient than late ploughing in controlling two of the annual species. Influences of treatments on weed species were frequently moderated by interspecific competition resulting in inconsistent response at different sites. Herbicides reduced the number of species by three, from 11 to eight species, averaged across sites and tillage systems. Influences of treatments on diversity were not consistent, since weed floras differed between sites and since some of the species responded inconsistently to tillage and herbicides. This study shows that by utilizing appropriate tillage strategies it is possible at many sites to maintain acceptable weed population levels, although herbicides are used at 50% lower doses than is normally recommended. The timing and type of tillage have to be chosen for being as efficient as possible to the most troublesome weed species at a site.     

苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗促早发技术

针对稻麦秸秆持续全量还田时土壤中秸秆总量和腐解强度显著提高,机插稻返青活棵时间普遍延长,甚至僵苗死苗严重、穗数难足、穗型较小等共性技术难题,淮安市农业技术推广中心提出了苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗大田促早发技术,主要措施包括:培育适龄机插壮秧;控减底施化肥;适度减小耕整深度;足丛小株浅栽;无水层活棵、化除、施肥;早施分蘖肥,重施穗肥;全程湿润灌溉。     

台湾软枝种杨桃特性及栽培技术

福建省长泰县引种台湾软枝种杨桃具有品质优良，早结丰产特性和较好的经济效益。介绍了其特性和栽培技术。     

龙薯1号在丘陵山地高产高效栽培技术研究

为探讨龙薯1号在丘陵山地高产高效栽培技术,2005-2006年对龙薯1号进行了栽培试验,试验采用单因子随机区组排列,重复三次进行。产量对比分析结果显示:种植密度应控制在45500~55500株/hm2;施夹心肥的效益比施夹边肥高;每公顷应施纯氮120 kg、五氧化二磷90 kg、氧化钾210 kg、硼砂15 kg;封垄时喷300kg/hm2多效唑溶液1次。     

白参菌研究进展

本文较为系统地对白参菌的生物学特性、生态习性、营养成分、食药用价值、人工驯化栽培等方面的研究进展进行了综述,为我省热区白参菌的研究、开发提供参考。     

马铃薯大棚套黑膜覆盖栽培技术

马铃薯已成为长乐市冬季农业生产的主要作物,但由于栽培技术与管理水平差异,年际气候变化较大,产量和品质也大不相同。马铃薯大棚套黑膜覆盖栽培技术通过构建温室大棚覆盖塑料无滴膜,起垄播种后覆盖黑色地膜,膜下铺设灌溉和施肥用的滴灌带等方法,为马铃薯生长发育提供了一个相对稳定的生态环境,可有效地提高马铃薯的产量和品质,且比露地栽培提早一个多月上市,稳定增加农户种植效益。