有机物料施用对潮土活性有机碳及微生物群落组成的影响

土壤活性有机碳是土壤中周转较快,对管理措施反应较为敏感的碳组分,但不同有机物料的影响效应及其微生物机制尚不清楚.比较小麦-玉米轮作条件下,麦季秸秆还田(R)和木本泥炭(MT)连续施用2年对玉米收获期潮土可矿化有机碳(PCM)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)...     

Root Endophyte Shift and Key Genera Discovery in Rice under Barnyardgrass Stress

Despite increasing knowledge of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) interference with rice, relatively little is known how endophytes improve the ability of rice against barnyardgrass stress. Here, we provided a detailed temporal characterization of rice root-associated microbiomes during co-cultivation with barnyardgrass and a comparison with the microbiomes of weed-free rice plants. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that barnyardgrass had the opposite effects on endophytic bacteria and fungi in rice roots, in terms of the community diversity, richness and coverage at the rice seedling stage. Principal coordinate analysis showed that barnyardgrass had only a minor effect on the community composition of endophytes in rice roots at the rice seedling stage, but showed a significant and maximum interference at the heading stage. Rice recruited many endophytes to resist biotic stress from barnyardgrass, especially for fungi. PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) predictive analysis indicated that 23 metabolic pathways of bacteria were overrepresented in rice. In addition, the main trophic mode of fungi was pathotroph according to FUNGuild analysis. A positive correlation between bacteria and fungi in rice roots was found via network analysis. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospira and Pseudolabrys were the vital bacteria, Phaeosphaeria and Funneliformis were the dominant fungi in maintaining the stability of the ecological network. These results provided data and a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of what role endophytes play in rice resistance to barnyardgrass stress and will have implications on improving the resistance of rice against biotic stress using root microbiota.     

大薸对规模化奶牛场污水的耐受性和净化效果

为考察大薸对高浓度畜禽污水净化的可行性，通过室内模拟大薸处理奶牛场污水试验，明确大薸在不同类型污水中的生长状况和生理响应，研究大薸对氮、磷和有机物等的净化效果，并通过高通量测序分析微生物群落变化，揭示微生物群落与常规污染物去除之间的关系。结果显示，大薸能够耐受的污水浓度[以化学需氧量（COD_Cr）计]为0~2 000 mg·L^-1原水、0~750 mg·L^-1厌氧池和氧化塘污水。当大薸受到高浓度污水胁迫时，叶绿素含量明显减少，过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性明显升高。在耐受范围内，大薸对奶牛场3种污水具有良好的净化效果：0~10 d内对污染物去除较快，10~20 d内去除率上升缓慢；大薸对原水中总氮、氨氮、总磷和CODCr的去除率分别为84.7%~92.7%、90.6%~96.7%、30.0%~93.1%、67.3%~77.2%，而对厌氧池和氧化塘污水的净化效果略差。从微生物角度分析得出，奶牛场污水微生物以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为主，且大薸处理组内的微生物群落结构与无植物对照组明显不同，其中蓝藻菌门相对丰度差异最为明显。微生物群落与水体多项指标显著相关（P<0.05），说明微生物在污染物去除中起重要作用。本研究结果验证了大薸处理高浓度畜禽污水的可行性，为奶牛场污水处理提供了理论基础和技术支撑。     

绿色发展教育的现状及对策研究———以六安市为例

对六安市中小学、职业院校和社区绿色发展教育现状及存在问题展开调研.提出:构筑中小学绿色 教育阵地,教育者要牢固树立绿色教育理念、把握绿色发展教育的切入途径、有效破解绿色发展教育 中的难题;加快推进职业院校绿色发展教育,应构建具有绿色素养的教师队伍、绿色技能课程体系、 绿色课堂、绿色教育素质拓展体系和绿色校园;构筑社区绿色发展的教育体系,要培养社区管理者绿 色发展的思维方式、营造文明和谐的社区环境、开展丰富多彩的文化活动,设立社区绿色发展教育基 金.呼吁政府、公众和媒体积极作为,做绿色发展的促进者.     

腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播植物群落土壤水分特征

[目的]研究腾格里沙漠东北缘1992年飞播造林区主要植物群落土壤水分特征,为区域人工固沙植被合理建设与管理提供理论依据。[方法]采用环刀法测定研究区4种不同植物群落不同坡位200 cm深度土壤含水量,分析其土壤水分分布、变异性及土壤贮水亏缺度。[结果](1)不同植物群落土壤平均含水量呈现：花棒群落(0.57%)>沙拐枣群落(0.55%)>花棒+沙拐枣群落(0.51%)>沙拐枣+花棒群落(0.51%),花棒群落土壤含水量与花棒+沙拐枣群落和沙拐枣+花棒群落之间具有显著差异(p<0.05),不同坡位平均土壤含水量均呈现出：坡底>坡中>坡顶的趋势。花棒和沙拐枣组合的植被群落土壤水分垂直变异性以及随坡位的变异性小于花棒群落和沙拐枣群落。(2)不同植物群落200 cm深度土壤总贮水量变化范围为15.45～17.79 mm,土壤贮水量随土层深度变化趋势与土壤含水量一致。(3)不同植物群落土壤贮水亏缺度呈现：花棒+沙拐枣群落(97.74%)>沙拐枣+花棒群落(97.62%)>花棒群落(97.48%)>沙拐枣群落(97.44%)。[结论]研究区土壤...     

Land surface roughness impacted by typical vegetation restoration projects on aeolian sandy lands in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley,southern Tibetan plateau

Aeolian sandy lands are widespread and desertification is recognized as one of the main environmental issues in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, southern Tibetan plateau. The surface microtopographic variations induced by the near soil surface characteristics of plant communities are important compositions of land surface roughness, which likely influence wind erosion. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of typical vegetation restoration on land surface roughness on the aeolian sandy lands, and to identify the main influencing factors of land surface roughness in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. Two bare sandy lands (as controls) and eight vegetated sandy lands with different restoration communities and ages were selected, and land surface roughness (LSR), as represented by surface microtopographic variations in this study, was measured by photogrammetric surveys. The results showed that LSR significantly increased by 7.9–16.8 times after vegetation restoration on the aeolian sandy lands, and varied among different restoration communities and ages. The mostly restored communities of Sophora moorcroftiana and Populus L. had greater LSR as compared to Artemisia wellbyi and Hedysarum scoparium. With succession from 6 to over 30 years, LSR gradually increased in the Sophora moorcroftiana restored sandy lands, but decreased in the Populus L. restored sandy lands. The variations of LSR were mainly attributed to the differences in near soil surface characteristics of vegetation (plant stem diameter and coverage, and plant residue density) and biological soil crusts (coverage and thickness). Mixed plantation of Populus L. and Sophora moorcroftiana was considered as the best restoration communities because of their effectiveness in increasing land surface roughness on the aeolian sandy lands in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. The results would facilitate the understanding of the benefits of vegetation restoration in controlling wind erosion on the aeolian sandy lands.     

网络意见领袖的形成及其治理

网络意见领袖是伴随互联网的产生而出现的一种新的社会个体或群体。网络虚拟社区的形成、民意表达机制的缺乏和网民多元化的需要是网络意见领袖产生的重要条件。网络意见领袖既可以成为沟通的纽带，化解负面信息带来的危机，也可以成为沟通的障碍，制造新的危机。因此，网络管理部门要加强对网络意见领袖的管理和监督，引导网络意见领袖在和谐的网络环境建设中发挥积极作用。     

籽粕熏蒸对哈密瓜发病土壤真核生物群落组成和变化的影响

本文利用十字花科白菜型和芥菜型籽粕作为土壤绿色熏蒸剂，研究了籽粕对哈密瓜土传病害的防治效果以及该过程中真核微生物群落在哈密瓜整个生育期的动态变化。研究结果表明两种籽粕对病害有显著防控效果，与化学熏蒸剂棉隆效果相似，但对土壤中微生物群落的扰动以及根际微生物的富集方面存在明显不同。白菜型和芥菜型籽粕均能显著降低土壤中真核微生物的丰富度和多样性，并有选择性的促进土壤中某些特定微生物的恢复和富集，使得有益微生物在根际定殖。在整个过程中，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）真菌主导了微生物群落结构的变化，且在根际有益微生物的群落构建中起到了重要作用，其下属曲霉属（Aspergillus）和毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）中的慢性曲霉（Aspergillus lentulus）和未知物种（OTU_213）与发病率间呈现出显著负相关关系，可能抑制了病原菌群在根际的定殖。而棉隆处理对根际有益微生物的富集方面影响较小，对土壤微生物群落结构的作用也不显著。