大兴安岭火烧迹地植被天然恢复效果的评价

通过对大兴安岭新林林业局宏图林场3个不同火烧恢复时期森林植被恢复的调查,以火烧迹地内生物多样性为研究对象,应用主成分分析方法,对各调查区恢复情况进行分析。研究结果表明：火烧迹地各层物种数随火烧后恢复时间的推移,乔木层与灌木层的变化不是很明显,而草本层变化较大,随着时间的推移物种数逐渐降低;各层的物种多样性随火后恢复时间的推移先增加后减少,之后逐渐处于平稳;各层的物种均匀度随火后恢复时间的推移也是先增加后下降,之后逐渐处于平稳,其中波动变化最大的是灌木层,说明火干扰对灌木层空间分布影响较大。     

海南中部山区什运乡小斑块分布次生林的数量分类

应用DCA排序和TWINSPAN分类方法,将海南中部山区什运乡区域内分布的小斑块次生林划分为7个群落类型:毛叶青冈+香合欢+毛柿群系(Form.Cyclobalanopsis kerrii+Albiza odoratissima+Diospyros strigosa)、枫香+岭南山竹子+黄椿木姜群系(Form.Liquidambar formosana+Garcinia oblongifolia+Litsea variabilis)、黄牛木+九节+青梅群系(Form.Cratoxylumcochinchinense+Psychotria rubra+Vatica mangachapoi)、鸭脚木+木荷+短穗探柯群系(Form.Schefflera octophylla+Schimasaperba+Lithocarpus fenestratus)、长圆叶新木姜+南岛青冈群系(Form.Neolitsea oblongifolia+Cyclobalanopsis insularis)、黧蒴栲单优群系(Form.Castanopsis fissa)、黄叶树+皂帽花+美叶菜豆树群系(Form.Xanthophyllum hainanense+Dasymaschalontrichophorum+Radermachera frondosa)。DCA排序第1轴反映了群系自南向北的空间分布情况和温度变化梯度,第2轴上呈现的环境意义不明显。     

森林植被碳贮量估算及分析

文章基于岳阳市2009年森林资源统计数据,对全市森林植被类型的生物量、碳贮量和碳密度进行初步估算。结果表明:岳阳市森林植被碳贮量为9.238Tg,其中,平江县的森林植被C贮量最大,为3.606Tg,占总C贮量的39.03%。各森林类型的C贮量来看,松木林的C贮量最大,为2.754Tg,占总C贮量的29.81%。岳阳市森林植被平均C密度为16.02t.hm-2,各县市区森林植被的C密度为13.39~27.10t.hm-2,森林植被平均C密度最大是云溪区,为29.02t.hm-2,各森林类型中阔叶树的C密度最大,为27.24t.hm-2,是全市森林植被平均C密度的近2倍。       

Vegetation succession process induced by reforestation in erosion areas

Reforestation is one of the most important and efficient measures of water and soil conservation. Based on field investigations in the Shangyang Soil Conservation and Reforestation Station in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, we studied the variation in vegetation development, vegetation succession processes and soil erosion. The regional vegetation consists mainly of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests (MEBF). The area was deforested and became a denuded hill area with extremely high soil erosion in the 1960s and 1970s. Then, the area was closed in order to allow recovery of the vegetation. Under natural conditions the vegetation development and succession processes were slow during which soil erosion and strong sunshine and evaporation slowed down the development of the vegetation. About 25 years later, the vegetation cover was still merely 35% or so. The dominant vegetation types were heliophilous herbage and shrubs which formed a poorly developed shrub-herbage community and erosion remained high. In contrast, reforestation with selected tree species dramatically speeded up the vegetation succession process. About 12 years after reforestation, vegetation cover of the Acacia auriculiformis plantations in the Shangyang Station was 90% and erosion was under control. After 23 years, understory vegetation, consisting of indigenous species, had developed in the plantations. The planted trees and naturally developing herbage, shrubs, bamboo, local trees and liana formed a complex vegetation community in three layers. It will take 60 years for the vegetation to succeed from bare land to a secondary growth forest under natural conditions. Reforestation may speed up the vegetation succession process. The time may be reduced to 20 years. Reforestation is the most effective measure of vegetation restoration and erosion control in this area. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(8): 2558–2565 [译自: 生态学报]     

尖山河流域不同植被类型坡面产流产沙量研究

对云南省玉溪市小尖山流域径流小区进行定位观测试验,对珠江石灰岩溶地区的不同植被类型坡面产流产沙量进行分析,结果表明：①该小流域降雨量年内分配不均,雨季（6—9月）占全年降雨量的83．2％,当降雨量大于5mm或10min雨强大于9mm／h时都会使该流域坡耕地发生产流．②灌草丛和次生林比坡耕地减少产流54．29％和92．06％,比人工林减少产流52．78％和87．13％．4个径流小区的产流大小顺序为：坡耕地〉人工林〉退耕地-灌草丛〉次生林．③土壤侵蚀量随着径流量的增加而增加,灌草丛和天然次生林分别比坡耕地减少土壤侵蚀量95．96％和99．02％,比人工林减少土壤侵蚀量64．60％和91．40％,其大小顺序与产流量一致．坡耕地、人工林、灌草丛的侵蚀量主要是由几次单次侵蚀贡献的,而次生林则是平均贡献．因此次生林防止水土流失的效果最好,在建立人工林时,应该考虑合适的复层结构,乔灌结合才能达到水土保持的最佳效果．     

植被指数的应用研究综述

目前,归一化植被指数NDVI作为一种遥感手段已经广泛应用于社会生产生活的多个方面．在综合大量国内外文献的基础上,总结了从遥感影像中提取NDVI的方法以及在提取过程中要注意的问题;气温、降水等气候因素对NDVI的影响以及NDVI自身合成计算、与气候因子相关系数计算的分析方法;列举了NDVI在植被监测、土地覆盖变化、荒漠化研究、净第一性植被生产力等几个方面的应用现状,并列出了NDVI在研究应用中的优势、存在的缺陷及改进NDVI缺陷的研究．     

大亮子河国家森林公园典型植物群落物种组成与结构调查

采用典型取样的方法,对大亮子河国家森林公园内9个主要森林类型植被群落的物种多样性进行了调查。结果表明：9种典型森林植被类型的空间分布结构特征明显,从主要乔木树种的空间聚集分布上可以看出,不同物种对生境具有不同的要求,它们的分布与生境紧密关联,以典型森林群落类型的垂直分布结构规律性突出。     

华北刺槐林与自然恢复植被土壤微生物量碳、氮含量四季动态

【目的】土壤微生物量碳、氮是植被所需碳、氮的重要“源”或“库”,是公认的综合评价土壤质量或肥力的重要指标,也是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,研究其动态变化,可为退耕还林及后期管理决策提供科学依据,并为深入研究林地碳氮循环及温室气体排放提供参考。【方法】以农田( FL)为对照,研究华北土石山区10年生刺槐林、43年生刺槐林、自然恢复植被( NRV)土壤微生物量碳、氮的四季动态变化,并对各样地微生物量碳、氮对土壤营养库的贡献率进行对比研究。【结果】各样地微生物量碳、氮随土层加深而逐渐下降,其季节动态变化差异显著;农田、自然恢复植被、10和43年生刺槐林地0～20 cm 土层微生物量碳、氮含量四季均值分别为251.94,290.68,150.66,197.34 mg·kg －1和30.95,46.46,36.55,45.27 mg·kg －1。其中：自然恢复植被的微生物量碳、氮含量四季均值最高,其微生物量碳含量分别是农田、10和43年生刺槐林的1.15,1.93和1.47倍,微生物量氮含量分别是它们的1.50,1.27和1.03倍;土壤微生物量碳、氮含量随刺槐树龄增大而升高,43年生刺槐林0～20 cm 土层的微生物量碳、氮含量是10年生刺槐林的1.31和1.24倍。各植被样地不同层次土壤微生物量碳氮比季节差异明显,农田、自然恢复植被、10年和43年生刺槐林 0～20 cm 土层碳氮比四季均值分别为8.64,6.26,4.12 和4.36;10,43年生刺槐林碳氮比分别是农田的0.48和0.50倍,是自然恢复植被的0.66和0.70倍。在 0～20 cm 土层中,农田、自然恢复植被、10和43年生刺槐林地微生物量碳对土壤有机碳平均贡献率分别为1.88%,2.00%,1.54%和1.24%,土壤微生物量氮对土壤全氮的平均贡献率分别为1.21%,5.44%,3.55%和2.26%。【结论】各样地土壤微生物量碳、氮之间显著相关,它们与土壤全氮、有机质和速效钾含量均显著相关;除此之外,土壤微生物量碳还与土壤硝态氮含量显著相关。随着树龄的增加刺槐林土壤微生物量尤其是微生物量氮含量显著提高,因而土壤的生物肥力也显著提高;由土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及其对土壤营养库的贡献率可知,自然恢复植被更利于土壤微生物结构、功能的恢复和生物活性的改善。     

Effects of early cleaning on young Picea abies stands

Young Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst) are typically cleaned of non-crop species on one or several occasions during young stand stage. In order to objectively evaluate the perceived benefits of early cleaning (EC), we studied the effects of EC on three study sites 2–2.5 years after receiving the treatment. Experiments were established as a randomised complete block design with a total of 40 blocks. Although height growth and mortality were not significantly affected, we found that EC substantially reduced canopy competition and, consequently, the mean diameter of released spruce grew 21–32% faster depending on the site. Furthermore, non-crop trees that were cleared during EC had fewer sprouts in two of the three sites and the sprouts were substantially smaller than the corresponding non-crop trees on control in all sites. EC can reduce the cost of pre-commercial thinning because EC reduced the estimated time needed for subsequent management by 18–49%. Thus, EC offers forest owners and managers an economically viable young stand management option.     

基于Google Earth Engine平台的大湄公河次区域2001—2019年植被NPP时空变化分析

为探明大湄公河次区域植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化特征,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台,利用MOD17A3HGF NPP时序数据,采用线性趋势分析方法,分析了2001—2019年大湄公河次区域植被NPP的时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)2001—2019年间大湄公河次区域植被NPP总体较高,植被NPP年均值整体上变化趋势不显著,变化波动较大,且与年均温度有显著的负相关性;(2)大湄公河次区域植被NPP年均值具有较明显的空间分异性规律,大体呈中部高,南、西南部略低的状态,与其主要河流流域有着重要的联系;(3)植被NPP变化趋势呈现基本不变、轻微改善的特征,改善区域主要位于中国云南省与广西,轻微退化区域主要位于老挝中部和缅甸北部;(4)GEE云平台解决了本地平台数据下载与存储不便等问题,整个大湄公河次区域植被NPP时空变化的数据处理在10 min内完成,GEE云平台在大范围、长时间尺度的研究中体现出了强大的优势。