红壤丘陵山区人为活动对植被恢复影响研究

利用在湘南丘陵山区的2个长期定位试验,研究该地区自然植被恢复的情况。结果表明：频繁刈割不仅使植物的生物量逐年下降,植物种类减少,特别是抑制木本植物的生长。对该地区植被自然恢复过程中的白茅草问题进行的针对性研究证明,施肥可使白茅草过度繁殖而死亡。频繁刈割地力不断耗竭,白茅草生物量锐减,特别是在施氮肥的条件下生长最差。     

小鼠脑提取液中铝的毛细管电泳分析

用毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定了小鼠脑中的铝,在10mmol/L苄胺和40％甲醇溶液中,Al3+在7min内与其他组分分离,用间接紫外吸收法在 214nm处检测,并以外标法定量,对样品进行5次测定,RDS为2.9％,回收率为96.8％,方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,重现性好,成本低。     

垄沟填埋秸秆发酵物对SSC番茄根区温度、CO2释放及番茄生长的影响

为了研究不同种类秸秆发酵物对设施蔬菜根区温度及CO₂释放的影响,在日光温室内以番茄为供试材料,设置未填埋秸秆（CK）、水稻秸秆（T1）、玉米秸秆（T2）、番茄秸秆（T3）及豇豆秸秆（T4）共5个处理,以垄沟填埋的方式施入土壤,检测冬季土垄内嵌式基质栽培番茄的根区温度、CO₂释放及番茄生长指标变化。结果表明：与CK相比,4个秸秆处理均能不同程度地提高日光温室根区温度和填埋区CO₂释放量,促进番茄生长。其中,番茄秸秆（T3）效果最好,其根区温度的最低值和最高值分别较CK提高了2.42和2.03 ℃,CO₂释放量的最低值和最高值分别较CK提高了276和387 mg·m^-3,并促进了番茄的生长,主要表现在提高了番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶片叶绿素SPAD值。因此,在日光温室蔬菜生产中,使用以番茄秸秆为主的垄沟填埋物料的方式具有更好的应用前景。     

应用除草剂灭除天然草地毒草对下层植被影响初报

在天然低地草甸上使用除草剂灭除害草光果大戟,试验结果表明,不同浓度的除草剂对草地地上植物生物量产生不同程度的影响,适宜浓度的除草剂能效地灭毒草,提高退化草地植被优良牧草含量和产量。     

滩羊土——草——畜系统中的微量元素及其意义

甘肃景泰滩羊典型产区草地土壤中含有Ｂｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｂａ、Ｍｎ、Ｇａ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｙｂ等１５种微量元素。草地混合牧草吸其中的１３种,其中Ｙｂ显著减少,缺少了Ｂｅ和Ｃｏ。羊毛中微量元素的种类和含量变化很大并且复杂。滩羊成年母羊毛中只含Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ等４种元素,而二毛期即１月龄羔羊毛中含有Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｒ、Ａｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｏ和Ｙ     

老龄杉木材下植物成分结构特征

老龄杉木材下植物群落的物种种类较为丰富,共有85种植物,其中蕨类植物门8种,种子植物门77种;以山茶科、清风藤科、交让木科、壳斗科、紫金牛科、防已科、樟科、乌毛蕨科、卷柏科和葡萄科为主要优势种,从群落成份的分布频度级系数来看,A级占总种数的44．715,说明该群落内的绝大多数种类是分布不均匀的;老龄杉木材下植物属的地理分布以泛热带占绝大多数,其次为旧世界热带分布和热带亚洲分布。     

施肥对公路边坡植被建植影响的研究

试验通过施肥处地对公路护被土壤进行改良和植被建植,观察其植被密度、盖度、株高、生物景的变化,探讨快速形成边坡植被方法的理论依据,结果表明,大风坝地区紫色岩石土壤的最佳改良肥料配方为：24g／m2有机肥十90g／m2N、P、K复合肥十20g／m2钙磷肥作基肥施用。     

Lime-induced growth depression in Lupinus species: Are soil pH and bicarbonate involved?

In a series of experiments, the effect of elevated pH on root growth of different lupin genotypes and lime-tolerant Pisum sativum was assessed. Seedlings were cultivated in pH-controlled but unbuffered nutrient or test solutions with pH 5—8 under constant light or constant darkness. Moderately increased solution pH did not affect root elongation. At high pH, root elongation rates were reduced by less than 35%, L. luteus being most sensitive. In a further experiment, effects of 10 mM bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) and organic buffers (MES, TES) were examined. Bicarbonate severely affected root elongation of lupins, sensitivity increasing in the order Lupinus albus < L. angustifolius < L. luteus. Since the reduced root elongation was not accompanied by a decreased root weight, specific root weight was increased. Shoot growth was not affected by HCO₃^-. Addition of organic buffers to alkaline nutrient solution, similarly to HCO₃^-, reduced elongation of main roots, but not that of laterals. Both treatments increased citrate concentrations in roots of sensitive L. luteus, but not of tolerant L. albus. Other carboxylates were not related to growth inhibition. Xylem exudate pH was always below 5.8, indicating that HCO₃^- was probably not translocated to the shoot. It is concluded that HCO₃^- is a key factor for lime-induced growth inhibition of calcifuge lupins, with the roots, not the shoots, being primarily affected.     

Habitat specialization and sensitivity to change in a threatened crayfish occupying upland streams

1. Crayfish are culturally and ecologically important species in freshwater ecosystems, but many are now threatened with extinction, due to threats such as habitat loss. Depending on their habitat selectivity and sensitivity, freshwater crayfish could provide effective targets for stream monitoring, restoration and conservation. This study used repeated field surveys of the threatened Murray crayfish, Euastacus armatus (family Parastacidae), to establish their habitat preferences and sensitivity to habitat loss across mesohabitat and microhabitat scales within upland streams of south‐east Australia. 2. Selectivity analysis revealed that upland populations of E. armatus displayed a strong preference for areas of intermediate water flow velocity, deeper water, and stream beds dominated by boulders and gravel. Variations in E. armatus density among and within the two upland streams aligned with these microhabitat preferences, with best‐subsets analyses revealing that E. armatus abundance hotspots were best predicted by models combining water depth with percentage cover of boulders, gravel and overhanging riparian vegetation. 3. Major shifts in stream habitat condition from 2009 to 2015 (e.g. 32% and 50% decline in boulder and overhanging vegetation cover, respectively) was associated with a 91% decline in E. armatus mean density within glide‐pool mesohabitats. 4. These findings highlight how habitat specialization in threatened crayfish such as E. armatus may render them sensitive to changes in stream habitat condition, and how targeted monitoring, restoration and conservation of their preferred habitats could yield multiple benefits for montane freshwater ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沙化土地信息提取研究

采用LandsatETM 多时相影像,在地类光谱特征分析的基础上,用分层分离的方法,提取出沙化土地信息。以全国沙漠化普查地类划分标准中的植被覆盖度为确定沙化土地程度的依据,通过建立NDVI和实测植被覆盖度的回归模型,确定不同程度沙化土地对应的植被覆盖度与NDVI的对应关系,用NDVI阈值进行划分,得到沙化土地程度图。