基于图像识别技术的北京市设施温室动态监测研究

为精准掌握北京市设施蔬菜种植情况和产能情况,项目深入挖掘“数字菜田项目”采集的5000个设施温室数据价值,开展基于物联网技术和图像识别技术的设施生产状态和作物品种识别研究,构建设施大棚生产状态识别模型和作物品种识别模型,并集成到北京市种植业综合管理平台,构建监管设施农业应用场景,从而为政府提供精准、高效的集中监管、远程指挥和决策支持,以北京市设施蔬菜发展带动农业产业振兴、乡村振兴。     

电控锥盘式蔬菜播种机设计与试验

针对蔬菜机械化播种成本高、播种质量有待提高等问题,考虑蔬菜种子尺寸小、播种株距小、播深浅等特点,设计了电控锥盘式蔬菜播种机.重点研究分析了播种机的播种原理、种子的运动特性、开沟器的受力及刃口曲线等,确定了锥盘排种器、供种器、开沟覆土器等关键部件结构及参数.通过设计闭环控制系统实现了排种盘转速与机具前进速度的匹配;采用供...     

Micropropagation of Vegetable Rennet (Withania coagulans [Stocks] Dunal)—A Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant

Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Solanaceae), popularly called vegetable rennet, is a critically endangered and highly valued medicinal plant. Overexploitation and reproductive failure forced the plant species toward the verge of complete extinction. We describe here the development of a simple, rapid, and cost effective in vitro micropropagation system for W. coagulans for mass-scale production of true-to-type plantlets using nodal shoot segments. Exactly 95.5 ± 0.34% explants responded within 8–10 days (d) and produced multiple shoot buds (4.1 ± 0.10 shoots of 2.95 ± 0.15 cm length) on 0.8% agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and additives (100 mg L^?1 L-ascorbic acid, 25 mg L^?1 each citric acid, adenine sulphate, and L-arginine). The shoots in cultures were multiplied by repeated transfer on MS medium with 4.44 μM BAP, 0.57 μM IAA, and additives. Further cultures were multiplied on a large-scale through the subculturing of shoot clumps differentiated in vitro, on MS medium supplemented with 1.11 μM BAP, 0.57 μM IAA, and additives. Maximum number (19.1 ± 0.28) of healthy (6.15 ± 0.25 cm) and viable shoots differentiated on this medium. The microshoots were rooted both in vitro and ex vitro. Exactly 67.3 ± 1.01% microshoots rooted in vitro within 25–30 d on agar-gelled half-strength MS salts supplemented with 29.52 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 200 mg L^?1 of activated charcoal (AC). Alternatively, 73.8 ± 0.65% cloned shoots rooted on sterile soilrite (soilless compost and soil conditioner) under ex vitro conditions after pulse treatment with 2.46 mM IBA for 300 s. The clones of W. coagulans were hardened in a greenhouse within 40–45 d by slow and gradual exposure of plantlets from high relative humidity (RH; 70–80%) and low (26 ± 2°C) temperature to low RH (40–50%) and high (34 ± 2°C) temperature. The hardened plantlets were transferred to soil and stored in agro-net house with more than 90% survival rate. Replacement of pure and laboratory grade sucrose with commercial grade sugar, use of less expensive commercial grade agar-agar in culture medium, higher rate of shoot proliferation, single step ex vitro rooting, and hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse are advantageous features of the protocol. The micropropagation protocol defined here is reproducible, easy to follow, and would be helpful in large-scale restoration programs through true-to-type mass-multiplication of W. coagulans.     

Preliminary study of application effect of bamboo vinegar on vegetable growth

1 Introduction Bamboo vinegar is a condensed acidic liquid obtained in the process of producing bamboo charcoal. It has a special smoky odor and its color is light-yellow to brown. There are over 200 kinds of chemical compo- nents involved and these components mainly include organic acids, phenolic, alkone, alcohol and ester compounds. Of these, acetic acids are the main com- ponents, accounting for about 50% of the organic chemicals. Bamboo vinegar has been found to have an effect on improvi…     

含磷型聚合甘油脂肪酸酯阻燃增塑剂的制备与应用

为了提高油脂增塑剂的阻燃性,开发以生物柴油副产粗甘油为直接原料的高附加值产品,以粗甘油、油酸和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为主原料,经聚合、酯化、环氧化和开环反应,合成含磷型大分子阻燃增塑剂DOPO-环氧乙酰化聚合甘油脂肪酸酯(DOPO-EAPFAE),并通过红外谱图(FT-IR)和核磁共振(~1H NMR)确认了其结构。研究了DOPO-EAPFAE用量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系力学性能的影响;通过对PVC样条的热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)测定和垂直燃烧测试等,分析了PVC制品的热稳定性和阻燃性能。结果表明:当DOPOEAPFAE代替邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)用量为60%时,PVC样条仍具有良好的力学性能;而LOI从21.3上升到了28.7,阻燃级别达到V0级;说明该阻燃增塑剂可有效地改善PVC增塑体系的阻燃性。与小分子阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)相比,DOPO-EAPFAE阻燃性不仅优于TCPP,而且具有更好的热稳定性能。     

稻壳灰同时制备脱色剂和水玻璃的研究

基于稻壳灰（RHA）含有均匀分布的主要由SiO2组成的高含量矿物质的事实，研究了RHA综合利用的方法。RHA先经碱法处理后转化为水玻璃和脱硅RHA（DRHA），然后DRHA用硫酸活化制得应用于植物油精炼中的脱色剂纯RHA（PRHA）。分别探讨了影响水玻璃模数和PRHA脱色能力的因素。结果表明，在2-3mol／L范围内改变NaOH浓度或在2-3h范围内改变溶煮时间，可获得2．3～3．6模数的水玻璃产品。高脱硅率有利于PRHA的多孔性形成。在NaOH溶液浓度2mol／L和溶煮时间2h条件下，RHA转化为模数3．3的水玻璃和DRHA，SiO2溶出率达到94.83％。活化DRHA制备PRHA的最佳工艺为：硫酸质量分数5％、活化时间4h、活化温度90℃。PRHA对中性大豆毛油的脱色能力是目前植物油工业中常用的活性凹凸棒石粘土的3倍。     

人工林场杨木材性质与生长培育关系的研究

本文以生长在 3种长江滩地类型 (江滩、洲滩、湖滩 )、3种栽植密度 ( 3m×4m ,4m× 5m ,5m× 6m)下的3个品系速生人工林杨树木材 [欧美杨无性系 72杨 (Populus×euramericacv.I -72 58) ,美洲黑杨无性系 63杨(P .deltiodescv.I-63 51 )和 69杨 (P .deltoidescv.I-69 55) ,以下简称 72杨 ,63杨 ,69杨 ]为对象 ,深入地分析了人工林杨树木材材性与生长培育之间的关系。结果表明 :( 1 )品系对滩地杨树木材材性有较大的影响。安徽新洲洲滩和湖北黄洲江滩上生长的 63杨 ,湖南沅江湖滩上生长的 72杨纤维长度最长 ,微纤丝角最小 ,导管比量最大 ,方差分析表明 :72、63、69杨微纤丝角和主要物理力学性质差异均达显著和极显著。 ( 2 )滩地类型对72、63、69杨木材材性都有或大或小的差异。方差分析表明 :63杨、69杨微纤丝角、基本密度、抗弯强度和干缩率差异显著 ,说明 63杨和 69杨受滩地类型影响较大。 ( 3)栽植密度对 72、63、69杨木材材性的影响因材性指标的不同而不同。对 72、63、69杨来讲 ,栽植密度越大 ,微纤丝角、导管比量增大 ,纤维长度、木纤维比量、木射线比量都减小 ,基本密度、抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度也越小。方差分析表明 ,72杨和 69杨受栽植密度影响较大 ,63杨受栽植密度影响较小     

Ecophysiological aspects of in vitro biotechnological studies using somatic embryogenesis of callus tissue toward protecting forest ecosystems

This review on current biotechnological methods in forestry for in vitro tissue cultures to define the effect of stress conditions on trees,concentrates on somatic embryogenesis.Callus tissue,the key product of somatic embryogenesis,grows over a tree wound under ex vitro conditions.Callus tissue can be used in research in areas such as pathogenic susceptibility at the embryonic level,effect of heavy metals,influence of low temperatures(cryopreservation),production of secondary metabolites and transformation of plants.Callus of arborescent plants can be induced in vitro by fungal elicitors to produce secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and are strongly repellant to herbivores and can thus act to protect forests.Analyses of dual cultures demonstrated that callus tissue exposed to a pathogenic fungus responds by synthesizing low-molecular-mass proteins belonging to an immune protein class.Cryopreservation of embryonic callus tissue also has broad applications,e.g.,for valuable plant genotypes in gene banks.Without strategies to protect forests against stressfactors,forest ecosystems will degrade to the detriment of all life,including humans.In vitro biotechnological research using callus tissue contributes to progress in forestry and the disciplines of ecology,physiology,phytopathology,culture and selection of plants.     

黑荆树皮单宁不同级分对水解酶的抑制作用

通过对黑荆树皮单宁进行醇沉纯化和溶剂萃取分级,可得到分子量分布范围不同的单宁级分。各级分对5种水解酶均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,具有一定的选择性。其抑制能力与抑制剂常数Ki值有关,分子量大的单宁级分,Ki值小,对酶活性的抑制作用大,同时,证明了黑荆树皮单宁对纤维素酶的抑制作用属于非竞争性抑制。     

不同油浴热处理对马尾松木材尺寸稳定性影响的研究

文章采用石蜡油和植物油浴热处理方法对马尾松木材进行热处理,并采用SPSS统计分析研究不同处理方法对马尾松木材的尺寸稳定性（ASE值）的影响。结果表明：在油浴热处理木材中,处理时间和处理温度都显著影响着木材的尺寸稳定性（ASE值）。在低温和浸泡时间短条件下,石蜡油热处理材的ASE优于植物油热处理材的ASE;而在高温或浸泡时间长条件下,植物油热处理材的ASE优于石蜡油热处理材的ASE。