一种从藤粉蝶分离的微孢子虫的生物学特性和分子系统发育研究

从广州市萝岗桑园周边捕捉到的野外昆虫藤粉蝶(Delias pasithoe)成虫体内分离到1株微孢子虫,经人工接种可在家蚕体内全身性寄生。用透射电子显微镜观察到该微孢子虫为双核,极丝11～12圈,极丝同型,基本符合Nosema属微孢子虫超微结构特征。该微孢子虫在其生活史发育过程中以偶倍数核为主,以二分裂方式增殖,形成双核孢子,发育周期为108 h。基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS序列的相似性比较和系统进化分析进一步证实该微孢子虫与Nosema属亲缘关系最近,应被分类为Nosema属‘true’Nosema亚群。     

Intracranial arteries of New Zealand rabbits; identification,three-dimensional modelling,and morphometry by computed tomography angiography

The aim of the study was to determine identification, three-dimensional modelling, and morphometry of intracranial arteries in New Zealand Rabbit by using computed tomography angiography. A total of 20 adult New Zealand Rabbits from both sexes were used in the study. General anaesthesia procedure was followed before computed tomography angiography imaging. Rabbits were placed in a prone position for imaging. Computed tomography angiography imaging was performed by injecting contrast agent into vena auricularis marginalis of rabbits. Morphometric measurements of the specified points were taken by MIMICS program using the computed tomography angiography images acquired. Three-dimensional intracranial artery model was prepared from the two-dimensional images on the same program. Measurements were statistically compared in terms of sex and side. It was observed in the study that arteria basilaris was generated by bilateral arteria vertebralis at the basal level of medulla oblongata. In the study, a statistically significant difference was determined only in diameter values of arteria cerebri caudalis dextra et sinistra in both female and male rabbits. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the side. Consequently, we think that the data of the present study will contribute to further studies on cerebrovascular pathology, clinicians or researchers.     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官;骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子。这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系。对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述。     

BQ123对低温诱发的肉鸡肺血管重塑的影响

动态观察了肺小动脉中膜平滑肌的增殖及管腔面积的改变,探讨内皮素受体拮抗剂BQ123 对低温诱发的肉鸡肺血管重塑的影响。200只16日龄AA肉鸡随机均分为4组: 常温(20 ℃)对照组、低温(7~9 ℃)组、低温低剂量BQ123组和低温高剂量BQ123组。23日龄、30日龄时测定肺动脉压,并取肺组织做石蜡切片, 以Weigert间苯二酚复红染色,形态学计算机图象分析法测定肺细小动脉外径和内径、管总面积和管腔面积,计算中膜厚度占外径百分值(%)mMTPA及管壁面积/管总面积WA/TA(%)。结果显示:(1)BQ123 抑制低温肉鸡平均肺动脉压的升高,23日龄时低温高剂量BQ123组显著低于低温组(P<0 05),30 日龄时低温低剂量BQ123 组和低温高剂量BQ123组均极显著低于低温组(P<0 01);(2)BQ123 抑制低温肉鸡肺小动脉WA/TA(%)的升高,30~50μm的肺小动脉,低温组极显著高于低温低剂量BQ123 组及低温高剂量BQ123 组(P<0 01),其它分级的肺小动脉组间差异性与此类似;(3) BQ123抑制低温肉鸡肺小动脉的mMTPA的升高,30~50μm的肺小动脉,23日龄时低温组极显著高于低温低剂量BQ123 组和低温高剂量BQ123 组(P< 0 01), 30 日龄时低温组显著高于低温低剂量BQ123组(P<0 05)、极显著高于低温高剂量BQ123组(P<0 01),30μm以下的肺小动脉组间差异性与此类似,50~120μm     

L-精氨酸对肺动脉高压肉鸡肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

将240羽14日龄艾维茵-2000商品代肉鸡于14d时随机等分为常温对照组（NT组），低温组（LT组）和低温加L-精氨酸组（LA），白14d起，LT和LA组舍内温度从28℃以1～2℃／d的速度下降，至21d降至12～14℃，并维持到试验结束。此外，LA组自14d起在饲料中按100mg／kg剂量添加L—Arg，直至试验结束。记录肺动脉高压综合征（PHS）发病率，并分别于24、32、39和45d测定右心室／全心室质量比（RV／TV）、血浆NO、肺小动脉管壁面积／管总面积（WA／TA）和平均中膜厚度（mMTPA），并用原位缺口末端标记法（TUNEL法）对肺小动脉凋亡平滑肌细胞进行染色和计数。结果：LT组肉鸡PHS发病率、RV／TV、mMTPA和WA／TA值较NT组升高（P〈0．05）；LA组肉鸡PHS发病率较LT组降低（P〈0．05），mMTPA和WA／TA值与LT组相比呈下降趋势，在32d时显著降低（P〈0．05）；LT组血浆N0浓度总体上与NT组差异不显著（P〉0．05），仅在39d时降低（P〈0．05），而LA组血浆N0浓度自32d时起较NT和LT组显著升高（P〈0．05）；LA组肉鸡肺小动脉平滑肌凋亡细胞百分率较NT组和LT组均显著升高（P〈0.05），但LT组与NT组之间相比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。上述结果表明，L-Arg／NO通过促进肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡，从而在一定程度上抑制了肺血管重构的形成。     

家蚕对浓核病毒中国(镇江)株抵抗性机制的初步研究

通过生物测定和地高辛(DIG)标记的酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA),初步分析了家蚕对浓核病毒中国(镇江)株(Bombyxmori densovirus,BmDNV-z)的抵抗性机制。试验表明:供试家蚕品种的消化液、血液中均不存在对BmDNV-z侵染性有影响的蛋白因子;抵抗性家蚕品种的中肠组织蛋白中不存在BmDNV-z的病毒受体蛋白,而感受性家蚕品种的中肠组织蛋白中可能存在对BmDNV-z侵染性有影响的蛋白因子,即感受性家蚕品种的中肠组织中可能存在BmDNV-z的病毒受体蛋白因子,且BmDNV-z与感受性家蚕品种中肠组织蛋白的结合具有组织特异性。     

微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

臭马比木茎段培养中污染控制和防褐化研究

研究了臭马比木（Nothapodytes nimmonian）组织培养过程中的防污染和防褐化问题。结果表明：在3~4月份取1 年生嫩茎进行诱导,外植体的污染率最低、为17.5%,褐化枯死率为39.2%,诱导率为43.3%,诱导效果最佳;在4个茎段部位中,半木质化茎段的诱导效果最好,诱导率为51.7%;低温预处理外植体对污染的控制效果不明显;0.1% HgCl2 8 min+50 mg/L 噻孢霉素30min 的消毒效果最好;在培养基中添加活性炭1.2 g/L+聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）2.0 g/L对外植体的防褐化效果最好,褐化率由对照的48.3%下降到25.0%。     

Hypodectes propus (Acarina: Hypoderatidae) in a rufous turtle dove,Streptopelia orientalis (Aves: Columbiformes), in Japan

An adult male rufous turtle dove, Streptopelia (S.) orientalis (Aves: Columbiformes), was found dead in Yorii-machi Town, Osato District 369-1217, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and subjected to necropsy. A large number of immobile hypopi (deutonymphs) of the hypoderatid mite, Hypodectes (H.) propus (Acarina: Hypoderatidae), were found individually encapsulated subcutaneously primarily in the adipose tissue. The mites were 1.43 mm in length and 0.44 mm in width on average, and had provoked mild inflammatory reactions that predominantly manifested as foamy macrophages and lymphoplasmocytes. PCR analysis using ribosomal DNA extracted from paraffin-blocked tissues produced a 240 bp band specific for hypoderatids. Based on the morphological features (distinct coxal apodemes, especially in the anterior portion) and PCR-based findings, the hypopi were identified as H. propus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case describing the subcutaneous mite H. propus in a rufous turtle dove, S. orientalis, in Japan. This study also highlights the use of paraffin blocks as a source of tissue DNA for molecular evaluation.     

核桃组培快繁体系的建立

为建立‘南核1号’核桃组培快繁体系,以带芽茎段为外植体,开展外植体采集时间、初代诱导、继代增殖和生根培养各阶段试验。结果表明,全年中4-5月为最佳外植体采集时间;最佳诱导培养基为DKW+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,诱导率为66.7%;最佳增殖培养基为DKW+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.01mg/L,增殖率为63.3%,增殖系数为3.83;生根采用二步诱导生根法,先在附加IBA 6.0mg/L的1/2DKW中暗培养,再转移到1/4DKW中光培养,生根率为46.6%。