14份小黑麦资源在青海民和地区的适应性试验

[目的]为获得适宜在青海民和地区种植的小黑麦品种,[方法]在当地进行国内外小黑麦品种的适应性试验,测定其生育期、株高、出苗率、发芽等指标。[结果]结果表明：国内的小黑麦品种比国外的品种生育期短2-10 d;株高相比较而言“Pingpong”最高,达164.3cm,其次是“中饲1048”(158.07cm)和“中饲3241”(153.50cm);出苗率“中饲1048”最高,为60.67%;综合发芽指标及千粒重分析表明, “中饲1048”最高,“中饲3241”次之,在该地区表现出良好的适应性。[结论]因此,“Pingpong”、“中饲1048”和“中饲3241”三个品种可以作为该地区种植的推荐品种。     

Characterization of six varieties of Cucumis melo L. based on morphological and physiological characters, including shelf-life of fruit

Seventy-two accessions covering six varieties of Cucumis melo were characterized by using 35 morphological characters with emphasis on shelf-life, and the relationships between shelf-life and related characters was investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that development period of plant and fruit, size of seed and fruit, shelf-life, stem hair, flesh juiciness, netting, abscission of peduncle, rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, Brix value, and color of flesh and epidermis etc. were the principal characters to discriminate melon accessions examined in the present study. According to the scatter diagram, vars. acidulusand makuwa, both of which belong to the Oriental melon, are closely related because of their short growth duration, small seed, thin pericarp and poor shelf-life, while American cantaloupe (var.reticulatus) and European cantaloupe (var. cantalupensis) are rather closely related due to their climacteric fruit with orange flesh, slipped peduncle and rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, which is closely related with their shelf-life. PCA also indicated that var. saccharinus was closer to var. inodorus than to the other varieties, due to their requirement of long period for development, large size of seed and fruit, and half- or non-slipped peduncle. Shelf-life of melon fruit was significantly correlated with the following characters: quality of flesh, size of seed and fruit, abscission of peduncle, development periods of plant and fruit, rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, Brix value and color of flesh and epidermis. Accessions with good shelf-life were mostly found in vars. saccharinus and inodorus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高寒城市郊区外来园林树种适应性评价

为了确定外来园林树种在高寒城市郊区的适应性,以典型区域——青海西宁市火烧沟外来园林树种为对象,基于野外定株监测及室内统计分析,对其抗寒性、性状稳定性及生长发育能力等进行了研究,并综合评价了不同树种的适应能力。结果表明：（1）乔木树种紫叶稠李主干基部在晚冬期出现轻微冻裂,其他3种乔木在早春期发生了严重的抽条及轻度的冻害,4者叶色或叶形均明显改变,适应能力依次为：紫叶稠李>金叶复叶槭>金枝国槐>金叶榆。（2）小乔木类树种均发生了较严重的抽条,芽、叶、花出现了明显的冻斑,花朵变色或畸形率低于10%,适应性强弱依次为：西府海棠>独干红叶榆叶梅=绚丽海棠>红叶碧桃。（3）几种丁香属植物抵御冻害能力较强,仅部分物种一年生枝发生了轻微的抽条,但一些物种后期生长发育能力较差,例如黄丁香不发育花器官,综合适应能力大小为：紫罗兰丁香=波峰丁香=红叶丁香>辽东丁香>其他5者。（4）小灌木类树种胶东卫矛和小叶黄杨冬季地上部全部冻干,其他小灌木也发生了不同程度的冻害和抽条,球冠类适应能力为：榆叶梅=珍珠绣线菊>金叶榆>圆柏,绿篱类为：水蜡=紫叶矮樱>金...     

低纬高原山区暖冬年与冷冬年油菜品种稳定性和适应性对比分析

为有效评价并推荐丰产性、稳产性和适应性好的山地油菜品种在低纬高原山区推广应用,采用灰色关联度、AMMI模型和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市典型的暖冬年(2012年)与冷冬年(2015年)4个不同海拔试点的7个参试油菜品种进行稳定性和适应性对比分析。结果表明:(1)暖冬年和冷冬年主要气象因子与油菜产量的关联度有明显差异;(2)AMMI模型中暖冬年的基因、基因与环境互作两者方差分量均显著高于冷冬年,而环境方差分量则明显低于冷冬年;(3)基因型与环境间的互作对暖冬年与冷冬年的主要农艺性状影响存在较大差异。低纬高原山区应主推‘云花油早熟1号’、‘花油6号’、‘玉红油1号’和‘花油5号’等优质油菜品种。     

5个香料烟品种3地2年的区域适应性研究

为了提高中国混合型卷烟的质量,选育适合不同生态区域种植的香料烟新品种.采用田间比较试验的方法,在保山市和德宏州的3个香料烟产区对5个香料烟品种进行了2年适应性研究,结果认为,对照品种'云香巴斯玛1号'表现稳定,应继续作为主栽品种;'保加利亚巴斯玛'和'巴斯玛14号'的品种特性、外观质量和烟叶产质量表现较好,可逐步扩大试...     

Adaptability Analysis of Passive Building Energy Efficiency Technology in Selected Climatic Regions

Passive building energy efficiency refers to utilizing ecological building design principles with natural climate resources to realize building energy efficiency, which is greener, more conducive to the sustainable development of the human living environment, and will actively advocate building energy efficiency. The adaptability of six passive building energy efficiency technologies including passive solar heating, natural ventilation, thermal storage wall, induced and night ventilation, direct evaporative cooling and indirect evaporative cooling in typical cities in selected climatic regions would be analysed. In addition, the applicability of passive building energy efficiency technologies in selected climatic regions would be compared.     

农业废弃物厌氧发酵制取沼气技术的研究进展

为了研究中国农业废弃物制取沼气的研究及利用现状,笔者结合自身及前人的研究成果,通过描述中国农业废弃物的利用现状及厌氧发酵制取沼气技术的机理,产甲烷菌的基本研究以及3种常见农业废弃物厌氧发酵产沼气的研究结果,概括了利用厌氧发酵处理农业废弃物的必要性及技术上的可行性。但同时发现,很多研究成果没有在中国农业废弃物的利用上得到充分利用,本研究的成果在今后对农业废弃物进行合理有效的利用及处理上有很大的参考作用。     

美引烤烟品种‘NC297’不同海拔生态适应性研究

为探究美引烤烟品种‘NC297’不同海拔高度的生态适应性,展开连续多年多点的试验示范研究。结果表明,‘NC297’在不同海拔的适应性广,烟叶产量（其产量为2016~2562 kg/hm2）、抗性、品质等主要农艺性状较为协调兼顾,与其原生地表现相似。该品种具有耐肥性较好、抗病性较强、优质适产和易烘烤等特点,烟叶外观质量综合评分高,糖碱比和两糖差值较为合理。在香气的甜韵感和丰富性方面表现优于对照品种‘K326’和‘云烟87’,吸食品质彰显清香型风格,是适宜于在1600~1800 m中海拔地区的中等肥力以上土壤种植和大面积推广的优良品种,最适宜种植密度为15000~16500株/hm2,最佳施肥比例为N:P2O5:K2O＝1:1:3,施氮量田烟N 105~135 kg/hm2、地烟N 75~105 kg/hm2。     

安康烟区烤烟新品种（系）适应性研究

为筛选具有安康山地烟区特色的烤烟新品种（系）,在安康主产区设立2个试验点,以烤烟品种‘K326’、‘云烟87’和‘秦烟96’为对照,对新引进的6个烤烟新品种（系）的适应性进行比较筛选试验。结果表明,‘YN105’单株叶片数多,化学成分协调,单位面积产量为2221.05 kg/hm2,单产值为33960.00元/hm2,上中等烟率为80.17%,在参试品种（系）中表现好;‘YN99’中心花开较迟,化学成分协调,单位面积产量为2128.50 kg/hm2,单产值为33454.05元/hm2,上中等烟率为83.17%,在参试品种（系）中表现较好。建议‘YN105’和‘YN99’新品种（系）可作为搭配品种在安康主烟区适度种植,但还有待进一步试验验证。     

Durum wheat varieties in N‐deficient environments and organic farming: a comparison of yield,quality and stability performances

Stability and reliability of yield and quality for 15 durum wheat genotypes (old and modern) were evaluated in a 5‐year experiment (southern Italy) in organic farming. Genotypes were grown at two N levels (0 and 80 kg/ha), with the aim of evaluating ‘genotype × environment’ (GE) interactions and their role on genotype selection in N‐limited environments. Several approaches to stability were used, within the frame of mixed models and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis, and their validity in stressful conditions and organic farming was discussed. Especially for protein and gluten content, results indicate high environmental variability and the presence of crossover ‘N × environment’ interactions, which supports the need for specific breeding programmes in N‐deficient environments. The average response was strongly affected by N availability (on average, yield was 2.95 and 3.42 t/ha, protein content was 11.6% and 12.85%, gluten content was 8.55% and 9.92%, respectively, at 0 and 80 kg N/ha), and few genotypes gave high yield and quality at both fertilization levels. Only ‘Gargano’ and ‘Fortore’ showed a good inter‐year stability at both N levels. The old cultivars gave minimal responsiveness to increased N input, but gave good results in limiting conditions, indicating that they may play a role in organic farming.