包被硝酸钙替代豆粕对公羊能量分配和氮利用的影响

文章旨在评估包被硝酸钙替代豆粕对山羊能量分配、底物氧化和微生物氮合成方面的影响。试验采用在3×3拉丁方设计,选用24只初始体重为(21.9±3.19)kg的阉割公山羊开展3个为期48d的试验,试验动物随机分为3组,3种日粮分别是豆粕组(对照组),15%包被硝酸钙组和30%包被硝酸钙组,每个阶段包括21d的适应期,5d的代谢试验,15d的间接测热试验。结果结果显示,随着日粮包被硝酸钙添加水平的升高,血液高铁血红蛋白浓度表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05)。日粮添加15%包被硝酸钙组有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和总能摄入量最高(P<0.05)。氮摄入量和沉积量随包被硝酸钙添加水平的升高显著线性降低(P<0.05),肠道甲烷产量表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05)。总能、消化能、代谢能摄入量随包被硝酸钙水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05)。随着日粮包被硝酸钙水平的升高,非蛋白呼吸熵显著线性降低(P<0.05)。结论:包被硝酸钙降低了山羊禁食产热,替代豆粕后对肠道微生物蛋白的合成无显著影响。在本试验条件下,日粮添加15%包被硝酸钙可以使山羊干物质、消化能和代谢能的摄入量达到最大化。     

中草药提取残渣综合利用研究进展

论述了中草药提取残渣的循环再利用的应用领域,并介绍了在各个领域中中草药提取残渣的应用情况与研究现状,综合分析了中草药提取残渣再利用为实现中药材资源的循环再利用,减少环境污染的可持续性,从而为更加深入地研究中草药提取残渣用途,提高其利用价值,使中药行业走向绿色可持续发展道路提供更准确的研究思路。     

内蒙古自治区畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的对策与建议

畜牧产业是内蒙古自治区的支柱产业之一,随着畜牧业快速发展,畜禽粪污产量持续增加,导致粪污污染日益严重,因此,畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用显得尤为迫切和重要。调研了内蒙古自治区11个旗（县、区）、95户大中型规模化养殖企业,并通过文献查阅及专家咨询等方式调研了3 700户规模化养殖企业,从内蒙古自治区畜禽粪污的基本特征、畜禽粪污资源化利用主要特征和对策与建议方面分析了自治区畜禽养殖粪污及资源化利用的情况。     

青岛市畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪便资源化利用策略

根据青岛市畜牧业和种植业实际情况,测算了该市畜禽粪污土地承载力,分析了青岛市畜禽粪便资源化利用存在的主要问题,提出了合理规划产业布局、发展种养结合、完善财政投入和补贴机制、发展专业化服务组织、加快技术研发和示范推广及完善信息化监管手段等方面的对策建议,以期为优化调整畜牧业布局、促进种养结合、推进畜禽粪污资源化利用、引导畜牧业绿色发展提供理论依据。     

肉鸡玉米型日粮添加高剂量植酸酶对其养分利用的影响

文章旨在研究肉鸡饲粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg(行业推荐水平)提高到2500 FTU/kg(超剂量水平)对肉鸡养分回肠表观消化率系数和氮平衡校正表观代谢能值的影响。试验选择360只1日龄雄性肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只肉鸡。试验1~14 d饲喂基础日粮(前期料),在15~21 d期间饲喂3种日粮,即正对照日粮(不含植酸酶)、负对照日粮(1000 FTU/kg植酸酶),植酸酶组日粮(2500 FTU/kg植酸酶)。负对照组日粮除钙和非植酸磷含量降低1.80 g/kg和1.50 g/kg外,其余营养指标均与正对照组日粮相同。结果显示,正对照组日粮的总能和粗蛋白质回肠表观消化系数显著高于负对照组(P <0.05)。正对照组日粮中淀粉、钙、磷的回肠表观消化系数与负对照组日粮无显著差异(P> 0.05)。正对照组日粮的氮校正表观代谢能显著低于负对照组日粮(13.34 MJ/kg和14.46 MJ/kg,P <0.05)。负对照组日粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg升高至2500 FTU/kg,导致总能和粗蛋白质回肠表观消化系数分别升高2.5%和7.1%(P <0.05),且磷有显著升高的趋势(10.4%,P=0.08)。此外,负对照组日粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg升高至2500 FTU/kg时对淀粉回肠表观消化系数和日粮的氮校正表观代谢能值无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综上所述,日粮超剂量植酸酶水平(≥2500 FTU/kg)在改善玉米能量、蛋白质和磷在回肠消化率的效率要优于肉鸡行业推荐水平。     

论完善权力制约和监督机制的作用与途径

胡锦涛总书记在党的十七大报告中指出：“完善制约和监督机制,保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。确保权力正确行使,必须让权力在阳光下运行。”这充分表明了我们党对整治权力滥用现象、打击和惩治腐败、从严治党的决心,更反映了我们党在加强权力运行上更加注重公开、公平、公正。因此,必须充分认识完善权力制约和监督机制在建设中国特色社会主义中的重要性。     

小黑麦的特性及应用研究进展

作为第一个人工培育的谷类作物,小黑麦（×Triticosecale Wittmack）在我国草田轮作或填闲种植中,可以发挥重要的价值。详细论述了小黑麦农艺措施对小黑麦生长情况的影响,小黑麦的种质特性,抗性生理,以及收获利用等的研究进展,提出在小黑麦饲草加工与利用方面,还应深入研究。     

浅谈青海牧区暖棚综合利用

本文针对暖棚综合利用技术在实际生产中出现的问题,根据暖棚综合利用课题试验研究结果,分析认为目前在青海,尤其是在青南牧区,开展暖棚综合利用要因地制宜。在这些地区发展畜牧业,首先要改变牧民群众的养畜观念,改变传统的养殖习惯,才能真正做到提高暖棚的使用效率。提出暖棚综合利用技术其实最主要的还是科学养畜技术。     

Effect of feeding forest foliages, rice straw and concentrate-based total mixed ration on nutrient utilization and growth in mithun (Bos frontalis)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Borrena hirticulata (BH), Ficus hirta (FH), rice straw (RS) and concentrate-based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and growth in mithun. Growing male mithun calves were randomly allotted to 2 feeding groups (6 in each), TMR₁ and TMR₂. The TMRs consisted of RS 300 g kg^− 1, concentrate 400 g kg^− 1 and BH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₁) or FH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₂) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Both TMRs were fed ad libitum to the animals for 121 d and a digestibility study was conducted during the last 7 d of the experiment. To assess rumen fermentation, rumen fluid was collected at 2 h interval for 24 h. Apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) did not differ significantly between the TMRs. Nevertheless, apparent digestibility of ether extract was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TMR₂ (0.59) compared to TMR₁ (0.54). Body weight gain (BWG; g d^− 1), DM intake (kg d^− 1), CP intake (g d^− 1) and feed efficiency (kg feed kg^− 1 gain) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in TMR₁ (548, 5.14, 713 and 9.28) compared to TMR₂ (496, 4.91, 703 and 10.03). An insignificant positive association (r = 0.35) between DM intake and BWG, but a significant (P < 0.01) positive association (r = 0.74) between CP intake and BWG were evident. Rumen pH (5.71 to 7.18) and ammonia-nitrogen (8.0 to 25.0 mg/dl) did not differ significantly between the TMRs, but differed significantly (P < 0.01) at different h post-feeding. In contrast, rumen total volatile fatty acid (42 to 105 mM) and total nitrogen (40.4 to 90.3 mg/dl) differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the TMRs and at different h post-feeding. The study revealed that BH, FH, RS and concentrate-based TMRs may be fed to mithun for satisfactory growth.     

Effect of fructo‐oligosaccharides on nutrient digestibility and digesta retention time in adult guinea pigs

A previous study suggested that addition of fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) to the diet improved nitrogen (N) utilization and decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility in guinea pigs. The present study was conducted to clarify the relationship between ADF digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time (MRT) in guinea pigs under FOS supplementation. Adult male guinea pigs were fed a commercial diet (50 g/day) with either 5% glucose (glucose group) or 5% FOS (FOS group) for 12 days in individual metabolism cages. Unlike the glucose group, N utilization improved, but ADF digestibility significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FOS group. MRT of solid digesta also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FOS group compared with that in the glucose group. We concluded that reduction of MRT of solid digesta containing FOS decreased ADF digestibility in guinea pigs.