乡土植物在乌鲁木齐园林绿化中的应用

对乌鲁木齐园林绿化中所应用的部分乡土植物进行实地调查,根据其适应性、生长状况、观赏价值等分析乡土树种的应用效果和特色表现,探讨乡土植物种类和数量与地带性特色的关系,并对存在问题提出建议。     

剩余污泥超声破解性能研究

采用超声波技术破解人工配水条件下培养的污泥，研究了超声破解含固率为0．5％与1％污泥的性能，并比较了超声破解2种含固率污泥的效果。结果表明，在一定声能密度下，SCOD增加值随时间延长线性增长。即在一定试验时间范围内，污泥破解反应相对于时间符合一级反应动力学规律。但是，在较高声能密度与较低污泥浓度下，SCOD增加值随时间延长不再呈线性增长趋势，而是随超声作用时间的延长，增长速度减缓。在相同比能耗下，破解含固率为1％污泥的SCOD增加值明显大于含固率为0．5％污泥值。若后续污泥处理工艺采用厌氧消化技术，则推荐破解含固率为1％的污泥。超声破解污泥后，污泥温度会升高，相同声能密度下，破解两种不同含固率污泥的温度升高值相近。     

城市污泥与稻草堆肥的腐熟度指标研究

采用翻堆方式将稻草与未消化城市污泥进行堆肥,测定常见几种化学和生物参数的变化,探讨其作为腐熟度指标的可行性。结果表明,(C/N)终点/(C/N)起始比值和铵态氮可作为堆肥腐熟度的指标,当(C/N)终点/(C/N)起始小于0.6和铵态氮浓度低于400mg·kg-1时,堆肥基本腐熟。水溶性有机碳与水溶性铵态氮之比值也可作为堆肥腐熟度的新的复合指标,当比值大于9时,堆肥基本腐熟。挥发性固体重、C/N、pH及NO3--N与堆肥原料有关,只可作为参考。     

污泥土地利用对环境的影响

污泥中含有丰富的有机质及氮、磷等养分，土地利用是污泥处理的重要途径之一。由于污泥的含水率很高，易腐烂发臭，且含有病原菌、重金属及毒性有机物等，在土地利用之前进行稳定化处理是必要的。在污泥的稳定化处理方法中以堆肥化处理较符合我国国情。污泥的土地利用对土壤物理、化学及生物学性质有明显的改良作用，可促进植物生长，提高产量及品质。同时，由于污泥中的重金属及丰富的氮素，使用不当，可导致重金属在土壤与植物中的积累，过量的硝态氮可能污染地表与地下水。     

南京城乡统筹发展及其与其他城市的比较

本文在对城乡统筹发展的内涵进行界定的基础上，设计了评价指标体系；利用层次分析法确定指标权重，对南京市城乡统筹发展水平进行了实证分析。研究发现：南京市城乡统筹发展水平不高，城乡差距明显。在城乡统筹的三大关系中，城乡居民关系的低水平是导致南京市城乡统筹发展水平不高的主要原因之一；通过和其他城市进行比较发现，北京和天津的城乡统筹发展水平最高．而南京市仅高于哈尔滨．和其他城市的城乡统筹发展水平有一定差距。最后，针对分析提出了相应的对策建议。     

MODIS热红外数据在乌鲁木齐市热岛研究中的应用

利用MODIS热红外数据,在完成几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、云检测等数据预处理后,利用分裂窗算法反演得到乌鲁木齐2000-2005年1,4,7,10月的地表温度空间数据.在分析典型热温场的基础上,进行了热岛的季节和昼夜变化特征研究.结果表明:时间上,乌鲁木齐在夏季的白天和全年四季的夜晚均存在明显的城市热岛现象;空间上,乌鲁木齐城市和附近的戈壁、荒漠温度较高,近处的中山区和远郊的高山区温度较低,区域内温差较大、热岛强度高.乌鲁木齐城市热岛虽与其他大城市热岛特征在时空分布规律上有较多相似之处,但也有其自身的特性:干旱区城市郊区下垫面较多为戈壁荒漠,因此城市热岛效应在日间并不明显,相反有时会出现"城市冷岛"现象.     

草坪在生态城市建设中的作用及其应用

论述了草坪在城市生态系统中的生态效应是目前我国在应用草坪提高城市生态质量方面存在的问题，通过对城市生态系统特殊性的分析，提出了草坪系统规划的目的和原则，力求把城市建设成为生态协调、可持续利用和良性循环的人居环境。     

Dispersal of invasive Phytolacca americana seeds by birds in an urban garden in China

Although seed dispersal is a key process determining the regeneration and spread of invasive plant populations, few studies have explicitly addressed the link between dispersal vector behavior and seedling recruitment to gain insight into the invasion process within an urban garden context. We evaluated the role of bird vectors in the dispersal of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), a North American herb that is invasive in urban gardens in China. Fruiting P. americana attracted both generalist and specialist bird species that fed on and dispersed its seeds. The generalist species Pycnonotus sinensis and Urocissa erythrorhyncha were the most frequent dispersers. Seedling numbers of P. americana were strongly associated with the perching behavior of frugivorous birds. If newly recruited bird species use seedling‐safe perching sites, the P. americana will regenerate faster, which would enhance its invasive potential. Based on our observations, we conclude that the 2 main bird vectors, P. sinensis and U. erythrorhyncha, provide potential effective dispersal agents for P. americana. Our results highlight the role of native birds in seed dispersal of invasive plants in urban gardens.     

生态护坡在城市河道防护中的应用

在简述生态护坡的内涵、特征及国内外研究应用现状的基础上,分析传统护坡对自然及人类生活环境产生的不良影响,从稳定性、生态性、技术性和护坡栽种植物选择等方面,探讨设计生态护坡的原则和要点,展望此技术今后的发展方向。     

A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.