Upstream migration of chum salmon through a restored segment of the Shibetsu River

Abstract –  A segment of the Shibetsu River was restored to reconstruct the ecological condition of the previously canalized river stretch to a more natural, meandering state. In this study, we investigated the upstream migration of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) using radio transmitters to track the horizontal position of fish and data loggers to detect the vertical swimming depth of fish, simultaneously. The monitored salmon travelled near the bottom of the water column and along the riverbanks, and tended to hold in deep, slow current areas in the canalized river. In the restored segment, the fish swam at more shallow depths and against stronger currents. Although the three tracked fish all reached the confluent point and chose to enter the restored segment, they did not remain in the segment for long. This indicates that the restored area facilitates the upward migration of the chum salmon.     

饱和-非饱和三维流场核素迁移的数学模型及其应用

根据饱和-非饱和三维流场溶质运移模型和特征,提出了三维流场溶质运移模型分裂迎风特征和格式;给出了格式的稳定性条件和迎风元判别式;将理想模型的解析解与数值解进行了比较。结果表明,该格式对求解对流占优问题效果好,能有效克服数值弥散和解的振荡。本文给出的数学模型和分裂迎风格式被用于某地中低放废物处置场选址评价中得到了满意的结果。     

如何认定原因自由行为的着手

原因自由行为是为给那些由于行为人故意或过失地使自己陷入无责任能力,然后在无责任能力状态下,实施犯罪行为提供处罚依据的一种理论。然而,这一理论从一引进来就引起了学者们的激烈争论。对于这一理论,如何认定其着手,学者们意见分歧,本文认为在解决着手的认定之前,首先应当明确原因自由行为的处罚对象。原因自由行为中原因行为的可罚性。能否可以通过立法的方式赋予原因行为具有实行行为性,这是解决原因自由行为着手认定的关键所在。     

Not in my port: The “death ship” of sheep and crimes of agri-food globalization

We examine crime that emerges from the global restructuring of agriculture and food systems by employing the case of the Australian “Ship of Death,” whereby nearly 58,000 sheep were stranded at sea for almost 3 months in 2003, violating the Western Australia Animal Welfare Act of 2002. This case demonstrates that the acceleration of transnational trade networks, in the context of agri-food globalization, victimizes animals and constitutes a crime. Herein, we examine this case in depth and show how economic restructuring, driven by a “logic of capital” orientation, can exert pressure on the state causing it to fail to enforce its own regulations and in this way engage in criminal actions. Wynne Wright is an Assistant Professor at Michigan State University specializing in agri-food systems and political sociology. Her current interests lie in social change in the agri-food system and it's influence farm families and rural community culture. Stephen Muzzatti is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada specializing in critical theory, crime, and the mass media. He is Vice-Chair of the American Society of Criminology’s Division on Critical Criminology.     

西辽河上游高寒漫甸区综合防护林体系的配置与营建技术

针对西辽河上游高寒漫甸区存在的主要生态环境问题,结合当地自然经济条件,系统研究了西辽河上游综合防护林体系的配置和营建技术,并对其防护效益进行了初步观测。该体系以乔、灌、草、带、网、片(块)相结合的农田牧场防护林为主体,以水源涵养林、水土保持林和生态经济沟为补充,面积达4.68×104hm2,森林覆盖率由原来的11.8%增加到23.3%,虽然农防林护田增产的效益尚不明显,但退化草场的产草量、草种结构、土壤的物理性质和养分状况都发生了明显的改变。综合防护林体系的建成促进了区域环境、经济与社会的可持续发展,维护了辽河中下游及首都的生态安全。