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171.
超级稻摘穗收获机沉降箱性能分析与运行参数优化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为使4ZTL-2000型摘穗收获机收获超级稻时具有最佳清选性能,以谷物清洁率和沉降箱能耗为指标,沉降箱入口气流速度、谷物喂入量及其初速度为影响因素,采用二次正交旋转组合设计试验,利用Design-Expert 6.0.10进行数据处理,得出回归数学模型,通过响应曲面方法分析指标与因素间的相互作用,并对回归数学模型进行多目标优化。结果表明:沉降箱入口气流速度对沉降箱指标影响最大,谷物初速度相对小,谷物喂入量的影响最小。为使沉降箱处理超级稻(目前谷物喂入量最大为3.78 kg/s)时具有最佳性能,通过优化获得运行参数的最佳组合为:沉降箱入口气流速度为13.93 m/s,谷物初速度为18.84 m/s。通过试验验证谷物清洁率达到了90.1%,沉降箱能耗为348.3 Pa,籽粒沉降效率为100%。 相似文献
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为了达到节水、改土和增产的目的,通过研究灌溉方式对耗水量、灌溉定额、灌水次数和特种优质水稻生长发育及其产量的影响,水文年型和品种对耗水量的影响,优选出了特种优质水稻最适宜的田间水分控制模式。 相似文献
174.
中国水稻栽植机械的发展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
我国水稻生产历史悠久,在世界粮食生产中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此,选择一种适合于我国水稻种植的机械已成为当前及今后水稻生产中的主要问题。为此,阐述了我国水稻栽植机械化所面临的问题;同时,分析了几种水稻栽植技术模式,以对我国水稻栽植机械的发展提供依据和参考。 相似文献
175.
M. Dingkuhn B.B. Singh B. Clerget J. Chantereau B. Sultan 《Agricultural Water Management》2006,80(1-3):241-261
Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed. 相似文献
176.
Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency. 相似文献
177.
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179.
通过水稻旱作全程覆膜与半程覆膜、旱作不覆膜及水栽对比试验,研究其耗水规律,计算其节水量与增产量,并进行经济效益分析,提出了适合本地区的栽培模式。 相似文献
180.
聂杰 《中国农村水利水电》1992,(2)
江苏太湖平原地区灌溉水源丰富,排水通畅,但由于年际水量分配不均,干旱仍时有发生。根据这一情况,对灌溉水的利用问题进行了研究。在大、小区水量平衡的基础上,提出了灌溉水的回归系数和回归水的重复利用系数,以及灌溉水的重复利用系数。为本区水利规划、用水管理和供水规划提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献