An investigation on the gamete quality of Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) broodstock fed with mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

In this study, the effect of combined feeding Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) broodstock with commercial feed and mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) for 50 days before the breeding period in order to evaluate the gamete quality. While the control group was fed with commercial feed, mealworm larvae were given as an additional protein source 2 days a week and 3 days a week to the experimental groups formed from female and male individuals. In addition to the growth parameters, the number of eggs (number/individual) and the egg diameter (mm), sperm volume (ml), density of spermatozoa (×10⁹ cell/ml), total motility (%), progressive motility (%) and average curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/sec) values were determined. At the end of the study, the highest live weight gain was found as 46.2 g in the control group of male. The egg diameters were 4.3 ± 1.8 mm and 4.5 ± 1.4 mm in the worm treatment groups fed twice and three times with mealworm respectively. As a result, it was determined that feeding fish with mealworm larvae as an addition to the commercial diet in female individuals did not affect the amount of eggs (p > .05), but the egg diameters were significantly smaller in the control group than the mealworm groups (p < .05). In spermatological characteristics, only the amount of sperm was different between the groups (p < .05); all other parameters were found to be similar to each other with no statistical differences (p > .05).     

东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析

对组培条件下秋水仙素诱变的东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代进行了RAPD分析.结果表明：东方百合四倍体诱导过程中,少数植株除了染色体数目加倍以外,还存在DNA序列的改变;2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析表现出丰富的遗传多样性,少数植株RAPD分析差异巨大,特别是T8无性后代存在较大的性状差异,个别植株经RAPD分析与其他单株存在较大的差异.     

The application of tannic acid to the elimination of egg stickiness at varied moments of the egg swelling process in pikeperch,Sander lucioperca (L.)

The aim of this article was to analyse the process of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, egg swelling and to apply tannic acid to eliminate egg stickiness at different moments of the swelling process on artificially obtained eggs. The first experiment involved observation of egg swelling process and the second determined the effect of temperature (12, 14 and 16°C) on the egg swelling rate. The third experiment involved elimination of egg stickiness in a tannin solution (0.75 g L^?1) where eggs were submerged in a solution for 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min following gamete activation. The results indicate that the pikeperch egg swelling process lasts 30 min. It was found that the temperature did not affect the process duration. The results of the third experiment showed that the effectiveness of tannic acid application in egg stickiness elimination increases with time. The best result was obtained in groups of eggs submerged for 1 and 2 min (86.5% and 80.5% of larvae were obtained respectively) 30 min following the gamete activation. The results presented in this study for the first time indicate the possibility of highly effective procedure of egg stickiness elimination with tannic acid in pikeperch aquaculture.     

一个水稻雄配子不育基因MGA1(t)的遗传及表达特征分析

在水稻转基因材料后代中筛选到一个自交后代标记基因呈1:1异常分离的雄配子不育突变体(暂命名为Male gametophyte abortion1,mga1(t))。该突变体花粉约50%败育,花粉败育表型与T-DNA共分离,且只能通过雌配子传递,表明mga1(t)是一个T-DNA插入引起的雄配子败育突变体。Southern blot分析表明,mga1(t)为单拷贝T-DNA插入突变体。侧翼序列分析发现T-DNA插入在水稻3号染色体上一个Bax inhibitor(BI)-1 like家族蛋白基因的5’非翻译区,该基因可能与细胞程序性死亡有关。RT-PCR表达分析显示MGA1(t)基因在水稻不同生长发育期均有表达,尤其在长度发育为0～7mm的颖花中强表达,表明该基因是一个水稻雄配子优势表达基因。     

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.     

毛白杨杂种三倍体的2n雌配子形成途径鉴定

由于受杨树大孢子母细胞减数分裂不同步性影响,通过施加理化处理诱导杨树大孢子染色体加倍授粉杂交获得的三倍体,可能既包括来源于第一次减数分裂核复原形成的2n雌配子(FDR),也有来源于第二次减数分裂核复原形成的2n雌配子(SDR),难以进行表型鉴别,而通过分子标记分析可以实现不同类型2n雌配子的区分。本研究以通过高温诱导毛白杨大孢子染色体加倍所获得的87株三倍体及其亲本为材料,从母本杂合且与父本有差异的SSR多态性引物中,筛选出5对适宜于2n配子诱导途径来源鉴定的重组率较低的SSR分子标记。在此基础上,利用这5对低重组率SSR分子标记,开展毛白杨杂种三倍体的2n雌配子诱导途径来源分析。结果表明,不同毛白杨杂种三倍体的2n雌配子相应简单重复序列区域的等位基因配置不同,利用筛选出的5对低重组率SSR标记可以实现毛白杨杂种三倍体的2n雌配子诱导途径鉴定,其中35株三倍体来源于FDR型2n配子,另52株来源于SDR型2n配子。此外,选用5个位于高重组率位点的SSR引物进行检测分析,结果验证了随机挑选的SSR引物用于鉴别结果是不完全可靠的,只有挑选低重组率的SSR位点才可能准确鉴定2n配子来源。开展毛白杨杂种三倍体的2n配子诱导途径鉴定研究,对于FDR、SDR不同形成途径的2n配子传递亲本杂合性分析,以及毛白杨三倍体育种策略制定等具有重要意义。      

2n Gamete formation in the genus Brachiaria (Poaceae: Paniceae)

Microsporogenesis of several Brachiaria species of the Brazilian collection at Embrapa Beef Cattle has been analyzed in detail. This paper reports abnormal cytokinesis in three accessions of three different species (Brachiaria humidicola, 2n = 4x = 36, Brachiaria decumbens, 2n = 4x = 36, and Brachiaria dura, 2n = 6x = 54). Chromosomes paired in bi-, tri-, and quadrivalents in these accessions, whereas chromosome segregation at meiosis I was characterized by exclusion of laggards as micronuclei. In a high number of meiocytes, the first sign of cytokinesis appeared only in metaphase II and did not divide the meiocyte into a dyad. Total absence of cytokinesis was also detected among meiocytes in the second division. Since in both cases the two metaphase plates were very close, they favored the rejoining of chromosome sets after anaphase II and formed a restitutional nucleus in telophase II. Second cytokinesis occurred after telophase II in most meiocytes. Monads, dyads, and triads with n or 2n nuclei were observed among meiotic products. The 2n gametes observed correspond to the first division restitution (FDR). The number of affected cells in each accession was variable, but the number of microspores with restitutional nucleus, including those scored in tetrads and the released ones, did not exceed 9%. Although polyploidy is common in the genus Brachiaria, its origin is still unclear. Current results suggest that 2n gametes may have contributed to the evolutionary history of the genus.     

兽用繁殖控制疫苗研究现状

兽用繁殖控制疫苗研究发展迅速,本文阐述了兽用繁殖控制疫苗的研制以及抑制生殖激素的疫苗、抗配子抗原疫苗、增加受精率的疫苗等方面的研究现状,并介绍了相关的商品化产品。     

配子水平上动物性别控制的研究进展

动物性别控制是指通过人为干预获得所需性别后代的技术,是生命科学的重要研究课题之一。文章介绍了动物性别控制的机理以及实际生产意义,并从配子水平上阐述动物性别控制的研究方法,以及对今后研究的方向进行展望,为动物性别控制进一步应用于实际生产提供现实依据。     

Temperature and storage period over spermatic parameters of jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the spermatic parameters of jundia, Rhamdia quelen, semen stored for short periods under different temperatures. Fifteen males were used in a time factorial experimental design (13 × 3 × 3 × 3). The sperm was stored at: 15; 25 and 35°C and activated in water at: 15; 25 and 35°C each, respectively, within storage periods of: 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 24; 32; 40 and 48 h after collection. The treatments were performed in triplicates and in sequential protocols every 50 h. The motility parameters were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis and the significant parameters (P < 0.05) were summarized using principal component analysis forming two predicted groups. Group 01 composed the following parameters: curvilinear velocity, wobble and linearity; group 02 comprised average path velocity, straight line velocity, beating cross frequency and motility rate. Effects (P < 0.05) of treatments were observed only in group 02, with interaction between time and temperature of exposure and between exposure time and water temperature. Superior results of spermatic parameters of group 02 were observed right after collection. However, the exposure and spermatic activation at 15°C assured significant results 48 h after collection when compared with 25 and 35°C.