Damming and seasonality as modulators of fish community structure in a small tributary

River damming alters the physical–chemical variables of water and often causes compartmentalisation of aquatic habitats. Seasonality can add complexity to the longitudinal compartmentalisation. The spatial and temporal effects of these two phenomena on the structure of ichthyofauna from a tributary under the influence of damming were evaluated, based on the following hypotheses: (1) transition habitats have the greatest species richness; (2) community similarity decreases with increasing distance between sites; (3) conservation of free‐flowing areas upstream reservoir contributes to the maintenance of migratory species. To evaluate the effects of these two phenomena, twelve monthly fish samples (September/12 to August/13) were performed with gillnets in three sample areas distributed longitudinally in the tributary. Limnological variables were measured in the same sample areas to confirm compartmentalisation. We observed three distinct limnological compartments (lotic, transition and lentic), with increase differentiation during the rainy season. This compartmentalisation influenced fish fauna where localised communities exhibited different compositions among the three sampled habitats. During the rainy season, these differences become pronounced, with transition habitat showing greater species richness than the others. More pronounced differences in species composition and structure in extremes sampling sites were also observed. Migratory fish presented higher proportion of fish composition in lotic habitat. In conclusion, damming and seasonality acted concomitantly as modulators of fish fauna in a tributary influenced by damming. However, compartmentalisation of habitats was the primary driver of ichthyofauna community structure with the rainy season increasing differences in community composition.     

基于改进MCR模型的重庆市江津区生态安全格局构建

三峡库区县域生态源地的识别和生态安全格局的构建对库区范围的生态保护具有重要的意义。以三峡库区范围的县域江津区为例,基于改进的最小累积阻力(MCR)模型和GIS空间分析技术,构建生态源地扩张最小累积阻力面和建设用地扩张最小累积阻力面,识别生态廊道、辐射通道以及生态战略节点等生态过程,构建生态安全格局。结果表明：确定了10个生态源地扩张阻力因子和9个城镇用地扩张阻力因子；江津区低水平生态安全格局面积较大,为994.71km₂,占江津区总面积的30.98%；高水平生态安全格局面积仅占江津区总面积的23.66%；识别出区域重要的生态廊道38条,生态战略节点14个；高中低三级生态安全格可以作为三峡库区县域的生态保护和城镇用地开发重要的参考依据。     

百色市水库移民社区“美丽乡村”的综合构建

指出了百色市水利水电工程移民是一个庞大的弱势群体,加快移民社区发展任务艰巨。移民社区应按照"五体一位"总布局精神,不断提高移民综合素质,依托依山傍库和市郊区位的优势发展多元经济,快速实现脱贫致富,建成美丽乡村。     

Factors influencing recruitment of walleye and white bass to three distinct early ontogenetic stages

Determining the factors that influence recruitment to sequential ontogenetic stages is critical for understanding recruitment dynamics of fish and for effective management of sportfish, particularly in dynamic and unpredictable environments. We sampled walleye (Sander vitreus) and white bass (Morone chrysops) at 3 ontogenetic stages (age 0 during spring: ‘age‐0 larval’; age 0 during autumn: ‘age‐0 juvenile’; and age 1 during autumn: ‘age‐1 juvenile’) from 3 reservoirs. We developed multiple linear regression models to describe factors influencing age‐0 larval, age‐0 juvenile and age‐1 juvenile walleye and white bass abundance indices. Our models explained 40–80% (68 ± 9%; mean ± SE) and 71%–97% (81 ± 6%) of the variability in catch for walleye and white bass respectively. For walleye, gizzard shad were present in the candidate model sets for all three ontogenetic stages we assessed. For white bass, there was no unifying variable in all three stage‐specific candidate model sets, although walleye abundance was present in two of the three white bass candidate model sets. We were able to determine several factors affecting walleye and white bass year‐class strength at multiple ontogenetic stages; comprehensive analyses of factors influencing recruitment to multiple early ontogenetic stages are seemingly rare in the literature. Our models demonstrate the interdependency among early ontogenetic stages and the complexities involved with sportfish recruitment.     

三峡库区森林土壤优先流染色特征

森林土壤优先流在涵养水源和调节径流过程中起着重要作用,林地优先流特征研究对分析森林土壤水分入渗特征和探讨森林对流域水文过程的调节机制具有重要意义。使用染色示踪法在三峡库区不同垂直带内进行森林土壤优先流染色试验,研究不同山地森林土壤的染色特征。结果表明:不同森林土壤的表层(0-10cm)染色比例和染色剂入渗深度差异较大,土壤染色垂直变化趋势也不相同。中山常绿和落叶阔叶混交林表层土壤染色比例最高,染色剂入渗最浅,土壤染色比例随深度变化呈连续下降趋势。中山常绿针叶林表层土壤染色比例和染色剂入渗深度在不同样地间存在着变异,土壤染色垂直分异特征存在一定的差异。低山常绿针叶林表层土壤染色比例最低,染色剂入渗最深,土壤染色比例随深度变化呈波动下降趋势。不同森林土壤中优先流路径数量和分布不同是导致染色特征存在差异的主要原因,而森林土壤中的根系、裂隙以及土壤物理性质等都会影响到优先流的形成。     

北方典型水库型水源地水体叶绿素a含量遥感监测研究

遥感监测具有监测区域广、速度快、省时省力等优势,常用于大面积水质监测。其中,叶绿素a浓度是水质监测的一个重要指标。叶绿素a遥感反演的关键是建立遥感数据和叶绿素a含量的定量关系。本文选取石家庄市饮用水源地黄壁庄水库为研究区域,通过进行水体反射光谱现场测量和同步水质采样,得出研究区水体反射光谱特征,并采用丙酮分光光度法测得各水样中叶绿素a含量。在此基础上通过波段比值模型及一阶微分模型分别分析叶绿素a浓度与反射率之间的线性相关性。结果表明,黄壁庄水库各采样点水体叶绿素a浓度均在4.55μg·L-1以下,光谱反射率比值R705nm/R680nm和696 nm反射率的一阶微分值均与叶绿素a浓度有较显著的线性相关性(r2分别为0.736 6和0.875 5)。本文所得结论与方法可为未来对北方水库型水源地水体进行大面积遥感监测叶绿素a含量提供理论参考。     

地下仓小麦粮堆热湿传递试验研究

为了研究地下仓储粮期间小麦粮堆的温湿度变化,采用TOPRIE-TP700多路数据记录仪和TOPRIE-TP2305温湿度传感器对模型仓内小麦粮堆的温湿度进行了96 h实仓测试,并利用数值模拟软件COMSOL,通过简化内置质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程和动量守恒方程,对相同尺寸的地下仓进行了相同时长的数值模拟.通过模拟和实测数据进行对比得出:仓内空气域温度随外界环境温度变化而变化,波动幅度最大为1.2℃,且表现出滞后性,滞后时长达4h;随着纵向深度的增加,环境温度对小麦粮堆温度的影响越来越小,且浮升力的存在使得湿空气向空气域逸散,进而粮堆的相对湿度降低.     

Intense fragmentation and deep burial reduce emergence of Rumex crispus L.

Abstract

Mechanical control through different tillage methods is a common measure against perennial weeds. However, non-optimal tillage can potentially increase the vegetative regeneration instead of reducing it. Aspects of regenerative capacity in the perennial weed species Rumex crispus L. was studied in three pot and box experiments as follows: (1) regeneration from different root fragments under varying test conditions; (2) effects of root size and burial depth on time of emergence and emergence rate; and (3) effects of burial depth and cutting on biomass production and seed production. In experiment 1, sprouting occurred mainly from the neck of the roots, consisting of underground stem tissue. A few shoots were observed also from the upper half of the true taproot and from a side root. No difference in sprouting was found between test conditions. In experiment 2, total emergence rate was positively related to root size and negatively related to burial depth. Time to first emergence was defined by an interaction between the two factors. Roots larger than 100 g gave rise to a high degree of emergence from all burial depths, while emergence from roots weighing 20–30 g was less than 30% from 12 cm and nonexistent from 18 cm. When emergence and shoot production were tested under different cutting regimes (experiment 3), the separated top fragments of the roots sprouted faster and produced more shoot biomass than intact rootstocks, even at a second harvest. Our results indicate that fragmentation can stimulate sprouting from the regenerative tissue of the taproot. Hence, if tillage is carried out as weed control it is important that root fragments are buried at ploughing depth, especially if the population consists of adult plants.     

尾矿干式堆存技术在江西银海矿业有限公司的应用

指出了尾矿干式堆存技术以其显著的环保、社会和经济效益的优势已在全国矿山得到推广和应用。以江西银海矿业有限公司为实例阐明了尾矿干式堆存技术在南方多雨地区,且在正在运行中上游式尾矿库上堆存运用的可行性。江西银海矿业有限公司采用井下充填、尾矿干堆、污水处理、真空预压等技术,成功地实验了将尾矿库由湿式堆存转型为干式堆存。     

三峡库区规模化养殖场粪污资源化利用新模式

通过对三峡库区规模化养殖场粪污利用现状的调研,总结了规模化养殖场粪污利用方式,分析了规模化养殖场粪污对库区生态环境的危害.提出了适合三峡库区社会、经济、资源环境状况的规模化养殖场粪污资源化利用技术模式,以解决畜禽养殖规模化发展带来的环境污染问题,从而有效缓解三峡库区区域生态环境的恶化,实现社会、经济、生态环境的协调可持续发展.