~(60)Coγ射线辐射唐菖蒲鳞茎诱变育种试验

开展以20-60GY60Coγ射线辐照处理江山美人唐菖蒲球茎辐射诱变育种试验。结果表明各处理对唐菖蒲植株的生长和发育均有影响,主要表现在植株变矮,单株叶片数减少,开花延迟,每花序小花数减少,辐照对开花性状的影响大于对生长的影响;辐照能显著提高开花性状变异率,其中20GY处理的变异率最高;辐照对M0代和M1代生长发育的影响情况相似,60Coγ射线辐照影响能继续在营养繁殖后代中表现。     

Some Problems in Solution of Intersection Points by Oblique Projection

This paper discusses several drawing problems as solution of intersection points and lines when a straight line intersects plane or conical surface, a plane intersects oblique pyramid and cylindroid and the axial line of normal cylinder has skew intersection with the axial line of cylindroid.     

Predicting anatomical maturity of Pinus sylvestris L. Seeds in northern Fennoscandia

The hypothesis tested was that it should be possible to predict maximum attainable level of anatomical maturity of Pinus sylvestris L. seeds, and thus the germination capacity, using only one x‐ray based sample value of anatomical potential (Ap) in combination with a time function. This sample should be taken after commencement and before cessation of embryo growth. Since this predictive model should be independent of temperature, it was validated by repeatedly collecting seeds from several localities with presumably different temperatures during ripening. Although the temperature sums differed between localities, the rate of increase in Ap was almost identical in August. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the highest coefficient of determination (0.81) was achieved if Ap values from collections made in August were used in the regression. The average absolute deviation for the different localities between actual and predicted maximum Ap was 2%, and the highest deviation 7.2%. Thus, it should be possible to make a good prediction of the maximum germination capacity as early as in August. The practical consequence of this is that cone collection and possible artificial ripening could be started very close to the optimal time. Furthermore, soil scarification could be done in seed tree stands before seedfall when high seed quality is predicted.     

伽马射线辐照拟长毛钝绥螨雄螨对雌螨产卵量和后代雌性比的影响

本文通过伽马射线辐照拟长毛钝绥螨的雄成螨,探讨辐照的雄成螨与雌成螨交配后,对雌成螨产卵量和后代性比的影响。在高辐照剂量10、20、40、80、160、320、640、1280 Gy和剂量率3 Gy.min-1的伽马射线辐照下,雌螨的产卵量随辐照剂量的增加而逐渐减少。40 Gy及以上的辐照剂量雌螨产卵量与对照相比均有显著差异;后代雌性比也随辐照剂量的增加而降低,到160 Gy辐照剂量时雌性比为0。在低辐照剂量40、160、640、2560和10240 mGy以及剂量率40 mGy.min-1的伽马射线辐照下,雌螨的产卵量随辐照剂量的增加呈现出先升后降的趋势,在160 mGy辐照剂量下达到了最高。160 mGy时后代雌性比也最高,达到72.52%,与40、640、2560mGy处理间没有显著差异,但都显著地高于对照（65.23%）和10240 mGy辐照处理（56.14%）的雌性比。     

60Co-γ射线辐射对垂穗鹅观草生物学特性的影响

为了探讨60 Co-γ射线照射对垂穗鹅观草主要生物学性状的影响,采用不同剂量60 Co-γ射线照射垂穗鹅观草干种子,研究辐射处理后种子萌发特征及植株主要农艺学性状变化。结果表明:辐射剂量低于或等于50Gy可促进垂穗鹅观草种子的萌发,大于50Gy种子萌发能力下降。辐射半致死剂量为148Gy,适宜剂量范围是0～148Gy。辐射处理对株高、分蘖、叶宽、穗长和产量等主要农艺学性状有一定的影响。30Gy处理后株高、分蘖、叶宽、穗长和产量都高于对照,分别比对照高16.6%、43.0%、16.2%、9.65%和25.5%。     

60Co-γ射线辐照谷象不育剂量的研究

研究利用~(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理谷象成虫,得出雄性不育剂量为110Gy,雌性不育剂量为140Gy,并观察了辐照对成虫寿命、交尾率和交尾时间的影响。根据研究结果,提出释放不育谷象与被防治谷象的比例为50—100:1。     

~(60)Co射线对高免卵黄液中霉形体杀灭作用的研究

用60Co射线处理高免卵黄液,研究了不同剂量、剂量率对霉形体的灭活效果和对卵黄抗体的影响。结果表明,60Co射线可以完全杀灭高免卵黄液中的霉形体,霉形体在卵黄液中的灭活剂量为6.0kGy;10.0kGy以下的辐照剂量不影响卵黄液中蛋白质含量、pH值和活性氧自由基,同时不影响抗体效价。     

微波等离子体处理木材表面光电子能谱分析

XPS是固体木材表面组成分析最有效和最灵敏的工具之一。本研究使用XPS研究木材微波等离子体处理前后表面化学组成的变化。经微波等离子体处理后 ,C1的含量降低而C2 、C3含量增加 ,并伴随C4生成 ,表明纤维素和 /或木素上羟基含量的增加。微波等离子体处理还在木材表面引入了N元素 ,推测有亲水的 -NH2 生成。比较了相同工作条件下 ,N2 、O2 及空气等离子体对木材表面化学组成影响 ,结果表明 :O2的影响最显著而N2 最弱 ,氧的影响还存在其特殊性。