肉桂酸和不同光质对葡萄愈伤组织增殖及白藜芦醇累积的效应

以葡萄品种"黑比诺"叶片诱导出的愈伤组织为材料,研究了不同浓度的肉桂酸和不同光质对葡萄愈伤组织增殖及对其中白藜芦醇合成的影响.结果表明:肉桂酸浓度为21mg·mL-1时,白光有最利于葡萄愈伤组织的增殖;在肉桂酸浓度为27mg·mL-1时,绿光最有利于葡萄愈伤组织的增殖;白藜芦醇含量在肉桂酸浓度为27mg·mL-1的白光下最高,但产量却在蓝光下最高;葡萄愈伤组织采收后经紫外强度8μmol.m-2.s-1处理10min可显著提高其中的白藜芦醇含量;而当肉桂酸与紫外两个因素共同作用时对白藜芦醇合成的促进作用不如两因素单独作用时的强.     

LED光源不同光质对叶用莴苣幼苗叶片气体参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用发光二级管(LED)调制光质和光量,研究不同光质处理对叶用莴苣品种‘奶油生菜’和‘美国大速生’幼苗叶片气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光的影响.结果表明:LED光源光质提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及叶绿素a/b值,品种间叶绿素含量差异显著,‘奶油生菜’‘美国大速生’;光质对叶用莴苣幼苗叶片光合速率的影响是由非气孔因素引起的,蓝光LED增大了叶片Gs,‘奶油生菜’以蓝光LED的光合速率最高,而‘美国大速生’以荧光灯处理最高;LED-红∶蓝下叶用莴苣各品种均具有最高的原初光能转化效率、开放的PSII中心有效光化学转化效率、PSII的电子传递速率和叶片PSII潜在活性;与荧光灯相比,LED光源对提高叶用莴苣叶片光合能力具有明显优势,有利于提高叶片的PSII活性和QA的还原速率.     

补光明显增大大棚反季节巨峰葡萄果实简报

为探讨补光对巨峰葡萄增大作用,在葡萄生长3～5片叶时,利用24W节能灯对其进行为时60d的夜间补光处理。试验结果表明,节能灯补弱光处理对反季节巨峰葡萄果实增大有显著的促进作用。     

PROOF OF PRINCIPLE OF OCULAR SPARING IN DOGS WITH SINONASAL TUMORS TREATED WITH INTENSITY‐MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY

Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) allows optimization of radiation dose delivery to complex tumor volumes with rapid dose drop‐off to surrounding normal tissues. A prospective study was performed to evaluate the concept of conformal avoidance using IMRT in canine sinonasal cancer. The potential of IMRT to improve clinical outcome with respect to acute and late ocular toxicity was evaluated. Thirty‐one dogs with sinonasal cancer were treated definitively with IMRT using helical tomotherapy and/or dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) delivery. Ocular toxicity was evaluated prospectively and compared with a comparable group of historical controls treated with conventional two‐dimensional radiotherapy (2D‐RT) techniques. Treatment plans were devised for each dog using helical tomotherapy and DMLC that achieved the target dose to the planning treatment volume and limited critical normal tissues to the prescribed dose–volume constraints. Overall acute and late toxicities were limited and minor, detectable by an experienced observer. This was in contrast to the profound ocular morbidity observed in the historical control group treated with 2D‐RT. Overall median survival for IMRT‐treated and 2D‐treated dogs was 420 and 411 days, respectively. Compared with conventional techniques, IMRT reduced dose delivered to eyes and resulted in bilateral ocular sparing in the dogs reported herein. These data provide proof‐of‐principle that conformal avoidance radiotherapy can be delivered through high conformity IMRT, resulting in decreased normal tissue toxicity as compared with historical controls treated with 2D‐RT.     

CONCOMITANT LIPOSOMAL DOXORUBICIN AND DAILY PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY IN ADVANCED FELINE SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS

Local recurrence of feline soft tissue sarcomas is common despite aggressive treatment. Liposomal doxorubicin might serve as a depot radiosensitizer if administered concomitantly with daily radiotherapy and thus improve tumor control. In this pilot study, the feasibility of concomitant liposomal radiochemotherapy was evaluated in a palliative setting in 10 cats with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Cats were treated with median number of 5 (range 5–7) daily fractions of radiotherapy and a median total dose of 20 Gy (range 20–31.5 Gy). One dose of liposomal doxorubicin was administered at the beginning of radiotherapy. Seven cats received further free or liposomal doxorubicin after completion of the liposomal doxorubicin/radiation protocol. Seven of the treated 10 cats (70%) achieved a partial (n=5) or complete (n=2) response with a median response duration of 237 days. The median progression free interval in all 10 cats was 117 days and the median overall survival time was 324 days. Concomitant liposomal radiochemotherapy was tolerated well in nine cats, one cat experienced temporary anorexia. Although the number of patients is too small to make definitive conclusions, results appear promising enough to investigate the role of liposomal doxorubicin as a radiosensitizer further.     

番茄器官生长动态与环境温度和光照关系的模拟

在4个塑料大棚内研究了春季栽培的2个无限生长型番茄品种的生长动态与棚内关键环境因子温度和光照的关系。通过对2个品种株高、绿叶数、花数、坐果数、果实体积等因子与周均有效积温和周均光合有效辐射积关系的分析,建立了器官生长与两大环境因子的模拟模型。结果表明株高、绿叶数、果实体积、花数和坐果数与温光因子多表现为二项式关系。     

烘烤过程中烟叶淀粉透光率和颗粒结构的变化*

 采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿自控密集烤烟箱,研究了淀粉透光率、淀粉含量和结构在烘烤中的变化特征。结果表明：烟草淀粉透光率在烘烤过程中的不同时段（12,24,36,60,72,95,125h）整体上是随着测试温度的升高而上升,在70℃以后显著升高,直到95℃透光率值接近100%;不同测试温度的淀粉透光率与淀粉含量之间均呈现负相关,在干筋阶段（95-125h）,各测试温度淀粉透光率均显著升高至最大值;烟草淀粉颗粒的结构与烟草的透光率等淀粉理化性质有一定的密切关系。烟叶淀粉透光率变化规律和颗粒结构变化的研究结果,可为烟叶在烘烤工艺上的优化提供参考。     

山楂叶螨在苹果叶正面取食与夜间增加黄色光对其生命参数的影响

为了探索黄色光照是否能够减轻叶螨危害,采用生命表试验方法,研究了山楂叶螨取食苹果叶正面和夜间增加黄色光照后的叶螨生命参数。结果表明,山楂叶螨在苹果叶片正面取食,与正常取食叶背面的对照相比,产卵期和平均世代周期没有变化,但是死亡50%的时间缩短2 d,幼若螨的死亡率高,不适宜叶螨的生存;山楂叶螨在叶正面的净生殖率和内禀增长率仅仅相当于在叶背面的1/3;种群加倍天数在叶正面需要17.9 d,比对照多13.2 d,表明山楂叶螨在叶正面取食其种群增长受到强烈的影响。在夜间增加黄色光照的情况下,种群的存活、增殖并无影响,仅仅是延长了产卵期和世代周期。     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

甘蓝型无花瓣与有花瓣油菜在盛花期的田间生态环境比较

为甘蓝型无花瓣优质油菜的选育及杂种优势利用提供参考,对甘蓝型无花瓣与有花瓣油菜在盛花期的田间生态环境进行了比较研究。结果显示:有花瓣油菜群体内的温度随层高的降低而下降明显,无花瓣油菜则下降较缓慢。相对湿度有花瓣油菜随群体层高的下降而升高显著,无花瓣油菜群体随层高的下降,相对湿度的上升则比较缓慢。有花瓣油菜随群体层高的下降,相对光强下降显著,无花瓣油菜群体随层高的下降,相对光强的下降则比较缓慢。表明,无花瓣油菜群体在揭开黄色花瓣层后其群体内的小生境得到了很好的改善。