不同砧木品种对核桃树体生长及光合特性的影响

[目的]采用将同一品种嫁接到不同砧木的方法,经过调查测试和分析,揭示杂交种‘中宁奇’的砧木特性,进而阐明砧木在经济林育种和栽培中的地位和作用。[方法]以砧穗组合上宋-14/中宁奇和上宋-14/宁优为试材,测定分析不同砧穗组合的生长量和光合特性指标。[结果]嫁接亲和性调查显示:2种砧木对同一核桃品种的嫁接亲和性均较高,但差异不显著。树体生长特性调查表明:上宋-14/中宁奇树高、干径、冠幅、新梢长度、新梢粗度、新梢着生小叶数及分枝力等指标显著或极显著高于上宋-14/宁优,‘中宁奇’作砧木可显著增强核桃树体的生长势。光合特性分析结果显示:2种砧穗组合间光响应曲线特征参数存在显著差异,上宋-14/中宁奇最大净光合速率(21.93μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、光饱和点(1 550μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))及表观量子效率(0.062 mol·mol~(-1))分别比上宋-14/宁优提高17.90%、11.51%和16.98%,而光补偿点(16.53μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))则显著降低35.33%。[结论]核桃杂交种‘中宁奇’与‘上宋-14’核桃品种有较强的亲和性,以‘中宁奇’作砧木可显著提高树体的生长量和光合能力,使嫁接品种对光强的利用范围变广,从而提高树体对光环境的适应性。     

关于水稻根负向光性光受体的探讨

为了研究水稻根负向光性的光受体,观察了光质对稻根的负向光性效应,用紫外 可见分光光度计测定了水稻根冠浸提液的吸收光谱,并对根冠中的蛋白质进行了SDS PAGE电泳分析。蓝紫光能显著诱导稻根负向光性,而红光无效;根冠浸提液的吸收光谱在350 nm和450 nm各有一个吸收峰;根冠中有120 kD的光受体特征的蛋白条带。推测稻根负向光性的光受体可能为蓝光受体。     

水稻对紫外线B辐射增强的抗性遗传分析

采用加性-显性遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了水稻对UV-B辐射增强的抗性遗传特点. 结果表明, 水稻对UV-B辐射增强主要性状抗性指标的遗传受加性和显性效应共同控制, 其中以显性效应为主. 除株高抗性指标不存在狭义遗传率外, 各个抗性指标的狭义遗传率和广义遗传率均达显著水平. 亲本R669和密阳46的9个抗性指标具有明显的正向     

滨海围垦地2种木本植物光合特性的研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合仪,对上海南汇区围垦地乌桕、女贞光合特性进行了测定.结果表明,女贞、乌桕的光饱和点分别为1 583.200,920.760 μmol · m-2 · s-1,它们均为喜阳树种;乌桕和女贞的日变化曲线均为双峰曲线,出现光合"午休"现象,引起乌桕"午休"的原因为非气孔因素,引起女贞"午休"的原因...     

同步辐射软X射线对家蚕生理生化性状的影响

采用一定剂量同步辐射（ＳＲ）软Ｘ射线辐照催青卵及蚕蛹,利用ＰＡＧＥ对蚕卵及蛹子代的蛋白质和酯酶同工酶进行分析,结果发现谱带数目及活性的变化,茧质调查与对照相比也有差异。首次证明ＳＲ软Ｘ射线对家蚕的生理生化性状有一定影响     

PET/CT FOLLOWING INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY FOR PRIMARY LUNG TUMOR IN A DOG

A primary lung tumor in a dog treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy was imaged approximately 6 weeks and 1-year posttreatment with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, utilizing the radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine. These two tracers allowed discrimination of tumor from inflammation, and demonstrated spread of tumor along airways over time after treatment. Fusion of functional imaging with anatomic imaging is a useful tool, particularly in the field of oncology, with the potential for PET markers that delineate tumor from normal or reactive tissue, and potential or actual response to therapy.     

COMPARISON OF ISODOSE DISTRIBUTIONS IN CANINE BRAIN IN HETEROGENEITY-CORRECTED VERSUS UNCORRECTED TREATMENT PLANS USING 6 MV PHOTONS

Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. To assess the magnitude of this problem, we evaluated radiation dose distribution in canine brain by comparing computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy plans with and without electron density correction. Computerized radiotherapy plans were generated for 13 dogs with brain tumors using 6 MV photons. A tissue-contouring program was used to outline the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) for each patient. Two treatment plans were generated for each dog. First, the plan was optimized without heterogeneity correction. Then the heterogeneity correction was implemented without changing any other plan parameters. Isodose distributions and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were used to compare the two plans. The D95 (dose delivered to 95% of the volume) within the PTV was calculated for each treatment plan and differences in the D95s were compared. The mean D95s without and with heterogeneity correction were 49.1 +/- 0.7 and 48.9 +/- 1.0Gy, respectively. The absolute mean percent dose difference without and with heterogeneity correction was 1.0 - 0.9% (-1.3-3.2%) and was not considered to be clinically significant. We found no clinically significant difference between CT-based radiotherapy plans without and with heterogeneity correction for brain tumors in small animals, which supports the use of MR-based treatment planning for radiotherapy of small animal brain tumors.     

RADIOBIOLOGICAL AND TREATMENT PLANNING STUDY OF A SIMULTANEOUSLY INTEGRATED BOOST FOR CANINE NASAL TUMORS USING HELICAL TOMOTHERAPY

Feasibility of delivering a simultaneously integrated boost to canine nasal tumors using helical tomotherapy to improve tumor control probability (TCP) via an increase in total biological equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was evaluated. Eight dogs with varying size nasal tumors (5.8-110.9 cc) were replanned to 42 Gy to the nasal cavity and integrated dose boosts to gross disease of 45.2, 48.3, and 51.3 Gy in 10 fractions. EUD values were calculated for tumors and mean normalized total doses (NTD(mean)) for organs at risk (OAR). Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) values were obtained for OARs, and estimated TCP values were computed using a logistic dose-response model and based on deliverable EUD boost doses. Significant increases in estimated TCP to 54%, 74%, and 86% can be achieved with 10%, 23%, and 37% mean relative EUD boosts to the gross disease, respectively. NTCP values for blindness of either eye and for brain necrosis were < 0.01% for all boosts. Values for cataract development were 31%, 42%, and 46% for studied boost schemas, respectively. Average NTD(mean) to eyes and brain for mean EUD boosts were 10.2, 11.3, and 12.1 Gy3, and 7.5, 7.2, and 7.9 Gy2, respectively. Using helical tomotherapy, simultaneously integrated dose boosts can be delivered to increase the estimated TCP at 1-year without significantly increasing the NTD(mean) to eyes and brain. Delivery of these treatments in a prospective trial may allow quantification of a dose-response relationship in canine nasal tumors.     

应用轻型飞机防治马尾松毛虫的试验Ⅰ．喷施四种药剂防治的效果

马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker是马尾松林重要害虫。林间应用超轻型飞机大面积喷洒溴氰菊酯超低容量喷雾、白僵菌纯孢子油剂、菌药混合液超低容量喷雾以及喷洒白僵菌菌粉,其防治效果分别为96．5%、85．7%、95．6%、86．5%。上述的防治措施可作为单独的措施或综合防控中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高、林密、水源缺乏、劳力工资昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一种适应林区林业生产整体水平而又快速、高效、经济的防治手段。     

UV-B radiation increases paraquat tolerance of two broad-leaved and two grass weeds in relation to changes in herbicide absorption and photosynthesis

Depletion of the protective ozone layer in the atmosphere leads to increasing UV‐B radiation on the earth's surface with potential effects on the response of plants to different stresses. Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Digitaria sanguinalis and Chloris virgata are common weeds encountered in most arable fields in China. The effectiveness of herbicides used in controlling these weeds needs to be evaluated with increased UV‐B radiation. Seedlings of these four weeds were therefore grown under ambient and elevated UV‐B radiation to compare the efficacy of paraquat, a commonly used contact herbicide. Irrespective of species sensitivity to radiation, the elevated UV‐B radiation decreased the effectiveness of paraquat. Net photosynthesis rate was adversely affected except for D. sanguinalis, while the chlorophyll content was significantly reduced in A. retroflexus and C. virgata. UV‐B treatment increased the leaf surface wax and decreased the absorption of ¹⁴C‐paraquat in A. theophrasti, D. sanguinalis and C. virgata. These results suggest that the response of weeds to paraquat or the use of the herbicide may be affected by increased UV‐B radiation, to the extent that larger doses may be required to achieve desired effects. This may have damaging consequences for the environment.