大兴安岭天然林不同林分溶解有机碳变化特征

为确定不同林分和季节变化对森林碳库影响。在内蒙古大兴安岭根河林业局境内选取具有代表性的林分,即白桦林、白桦落叶松混交林以及落叶松林为研究对象。收集并测定了树干径流、有机质层和0-30 cm土层中DOC浓度,并分析了DOC变化特征以及不同月份对DOC的影响。结果表明:不同林分中树干径流中DOC平均浓度分别为60.12,172.77,205.02 mg/L;有机质层中DOC平均浓度分别为35.32,39.64,34.45 mg/L;0-30 cm土层中DOC平均浓度分别为26.23,37.08,26.53 mg/L。结果表明:不同林分中DOC浓度表现为树干径流 > 有机质层 > 0-30 cm土层,落叶松林树干径流DOC浓度明显高于白桦林（p<0.05）,且落叶松树干比白桦树干淋溶DOC强;不同林分中有机质层和0-30 cm土层表现为白桦落叶松混交林>白桦林、落叶松林,但无明显的差异（p>0.05）,而且有机质层和土层对DOC有吸附固定作用;不同林分6-9月份树干径流中DOC浓度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,7月份达到最大,机质层和0-30 cm土层中DOC浓度6月份最高,7月、8月最低,而9月份又升高。不同林分和月份的变化,影响了天然林中DOC浓度分布。     

大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的等电聚焦电泳过氧化物同工酶分析

等电聚焦电泳是近些年发展起来的分离蛋白质的有效生化技术．操作简便，分辨率高，电泳条带多而且细，信息量大，利于进行深入细致的研究。该文利用等电聚焦丙烯酰胺电泳方法分析了6个大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的过氧化物同工酶电泳图谱，共分离出十几条酶带，F1杂种与亲本间同工酶图谱均表现出明现差异，特别是A鉴别区内的酶带差异最明显，大多为互补型，是主要鉴别区。进一步研究结果表明，6个大白菜品种均可利用过氧化物同工酶鉴别由自交引起的假杂种。利用这项技术大量开展了这6个品种的商品种子纯度检测工作，同时在田间进行了验证性测定，二者结果基本相符。     

豫州褐壳蛋鸡Ⅰ,Ⅱ系杂交效果分析

对豫州褐壳蛋鸡Ⅰ、Ⅱ系杂交效果研究表明,其生活力、主要生产性能均有明显提高,健雏率、育雏率、育成率、产蛋期存活率分别达到９９．０２％,９７．８７％,９７．１２％和９３．３５％,开产日龄提早６￣９ｄ,全期产蛋２５４．２０枚,料蛋比２．４２：１。     

船式拖拉机气层减阻研究

为预估不同含水率的水田土壤气层减阻所需通气量,通过流变仪测得相应的水田土壤参数,并构建仿真模型进行了相应仿真试验.在试验过程中,分析了不同通气量下的船底气层覆盖情况以及不同通气量下的阻力变化,解释了其减阻机理,并采用公式的形式拟合了含水率与最优通气量的关系.研究发现:含水率为80％的水田土壤减阻率可以高达21.9％,对...     

牧草干燥太阳能聚焦吸收器机理分析与优化

目前太阳能干燥设备是以非聚焦板式空气集热器为关键工作部件,其干燥效率和生产率均较低。为此,研究了太阳能聚焦吸收器的黑腔功能,利用该功能减少聚焦光线对外二次辐射和能量损失。设计4种结构类型的太阳能聚焦吸收器,进行了性能机理研究和对比分析,其中三角形聚焦吸收器呈现出良好的黑腔效果。进一步对三角形聚焦吸收装置进行优化,得出吸收器内腔深度在4 cm左右时性能最佳。对4种吸收器进行了试验测试,结果表明,三角形优于圆弧形,圆弧形优于方形,性能最差的是半圆形。吸收器开口宽度为5 cm时的黑腔效果低于开口宽度为3 cm时的效果。盖板形状对吸收器性能产生影响,平板优于圆形,V形最差。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) mortality in relation to the winter mixed layer depth in the Kuroshio Extension region

A drastic population change in Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) has been noted as being related to winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension region. The former studies suggest two possible explanations. One is that temperature itself affects sardine. The other is that SST represents the environmental change of the Kuroshio Extension region and other causes directly affecting sardine. In this study, we found that sardine mortality from post‐larva to age 1 negatively correlated with the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio Extension region from 1979 to 1993. During the period of a deep winter mixed layer (during the early 1980s), sardine mortality was low, whereas mortality was high when the winter mixed layer was shallow (during the late 1980s to early 1990s). By using a lower trophic‐level ecosystem model forced by the observed time series of MLD, SST, light intensity and nutrient data, we found that the estimated spring zooplankton density drastically varies from year to year and has a significant negative correlation with sardine mortality. The inter‐annual variation of spring zooplankton density is caused by the winter MLD variation. During the deep winter mixed layer years, a phytoplankton bloom occurs in spring, whereas during the shallow winter mixed layer years, the bloom occurs in winter. The results of our study suggest that the decline in the Japanese sardine population during the late 1980s to early 1990s was due to an insufficient spring food supply in the Kuroshio Extension region where sardine larvae and juvenile are transported.     

感应式高压静电喷头雾滴荷电效果影响因素分析

为研究如何在有限的充电电压下获得良好的雾滴荷电效果,首先建立了雾滴荷电过程的等效模型,对影响雾滴荷电效果的关键性参数进行理论推导;然后采取圆环形和仿形两种电极形式,取3个高压电极的关键性技术参数,设计4种不同的高压电极方案;最后配合2、2.5mm两种不同的绝缘层厚度,为雾锥角为80°的空心圆锥雾喷头TR 80-04设计了8种不同的高压静电罩,用网状目标法与法拉第筒法结合的荷质比测量系统对其荷电比进行测量,以荷质比评价其荷电效果的优劣。结果证明:理论分析与试验研究达到了良好的一致性,仿形电极的荷电效果明显优于圆环形电极,且电极宽度、电极中心到喷口的轴向距离与雾滴荷质比正相关,为高压静电罩的合理设计提供了可靠的理论和试验依据。     

水肥耦合条件下小麦田根系层土壤总磷迁移特征

以小麦为研究对象,通过田间小区试验对生育期内水肥耦合条件下小麦根系层(0~100 cm)总磷浓度迁移过程的监测,系统分析了不同灌水量(高水7.6 mm、低水6.1 mm)及不同施肥量下(高肥125 kg/hm~2、低肥75 kg/hm~2)总磷在根系层的迁移转化规律。     

玉米农田耕层现状、存在问题及合理耕层构建探讨

针对农田耕层现状及存在的问题,从耕层变薄犁底层增厚,有机质减少地力下降地表裸露水（风）蚀严重等3个方面,分析农田土壤退化及不合理耕层形成的原因,通过总结前人研究结果,明确耕层构造的概念及类型,结合笔者多年研究提出“苗带紧行间松”合理耕层的概念及建立合理耕层构造的重要意义,以期为东北黑土保育、持续高效耕作及确保国家粮食安全提供一定理论参考依据.