何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的超声提取工艺研究

何首乌中的二苯乙烯苷成分具有明显的抗衰老、降低胆固醇和保肝作用。利用超声波技术提取制首乌中的二苯乙烯苷,可提高二苯乙烯苷成分的提取效率。通过单因素和正交试验,探讨工艺条件对超声提取二苯乙烯苷的影响。结果表明,超声波提取二苯乙烯苷的较佳工艺条件为:制首乌粉末粒度80目、提取溶剂为体积分数90%的乙醇、料液比为(质量∶体积)1∶60、提取时间为7min。     

响应面法优化超声波提取核桃油工艺的研究

应用超声波法辅助浸提核桃油,在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken中心组合实验,确定超声波辅助提取核桃油的最佳工艺条件为:正己烷作提取溶剂,液料比为7(mL∶g),提取温度53℃,超声时间48 min,超声波功率120 W,核桃油提取率达到61.91%。     

Investigating the effects of simulated transport vibration on tomato tissue damage based on vis/NIR spectroscopy

Visible and near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were investigated to evaluate the effects of simulated transport vibration levels on damage of tomato fruit. A total of 280 tomato samples were randomly divided into 5 groups; each group was subjected to vibration at different acceleration levels. A total of 230 samples (46 from each group) were selected as a calibration set; whereas 50 samples (10 from each group) were selected as a prediction set. Raw spectra, differentiation (the first derivative) spectra, extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) processed spectra and standard normal variant combined with detrending (SNV–DT) processed spectra were used for calibration models. SNV–DT processed spectra had the best performance using for partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PLS analysis was implemented to calibrate models with different wavelength bands including visible, short-wave near infrared (SWNIR) and long-wave near infrared (LWNIR) regions. The best PLS model was obtained in the vis/NIR (600–1600 nm) region. Using a grid search technique and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, four least squares support vector machine (LS–SVM) models with different latent variables (7, 8, 9, and 10 LVs) were compared. The optimal model was obtained with 9 LVs and the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for the best prediction by LS–SVM were 0.984, 0.137 and 0.003, respectively. The results showed that vis/NIR spectroscopy could be applied as a reliable and rapid method for predicting the effect of vibration levels on tissue damage of tomato fruit.     

超声波提取菜籽粕中水溶性蛋白工艺的研究

以醇变性菜籽粕为原料,采用超声波提取水溶性蛋白,在单因素试验基础上,采用二次正交旋转组合方法,优化得到最佳提取条件为:pH值13,提取时间12 min,提取温度35℃,醇变性菜籽粕质量分数3%,在此条件下,水溶性蛋白质量分数达45.97%。     

超声波辅助提取山药总多酚的研究

以山药为原料,采用超声波辅助提取从山药中提取多酚类物质,通过单因素试验和正交试验得到总多酚的最佳提取条件是:体积分数50%的丙酮溶液、料液比1∶20,提取60 min,提取温度50℃,提取2次、超声功率800 W,多酚提取率为16.97%。     

白萝卜振动远红外干燥工艺参数优化

为解决白萝卜干燥加工中存在营养成分损失大、设备能耗大和干制品品质差等问题,利用自行设计的往复振动式远红外干燥机,采用单因素和二次通用旋转组合的试验设计方法,探讨振动频率、加热温度、物料厚度对白萝卜脱水速率、复水率、VC含量和单位能耗的影响及因子间交互作用对指标的影响,建立了各指标与试验因素间的回归模型。采用加权综合评分法和线性功效系数法,将多目标综合优化,确定了干燥工艺的最优参数,即干燥温度68℃,振动频率0.7 Hz,物料厚度7 mm。该工艺条件下白萝卜脱水速率为63.26%/h,复水比为3.94,VC含量为1.98 mg/g,单位能耗为6.55 k J/kg。对在此工艺条件下干燥的白萝卜干制品进行环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分析,结果显示,细胞组织保存比较完整,能够较真实地反映样品的组织结构原貌。优化的工艺条件可有效提高干燥效率,同时降低白萝卜干制品中营养成分的损失,为白萝卜干振动远红外干燥技术在实际生产中的应用提供参考。     

Degradation Impact Factors of Phenol Simulated Wastewater with Ultrasonic-hydrogen Peroxide

The use of ultrasonic,H2O2and the combination of two kinds of technology approach to ultrasound H2O2 phenol wastewater, treatment effect of three methods were compared the differences, and discussed the ultrasonic power, the solution pH value, ultrasonic time and ferrous ions (Fe2 + ) the amount of the treatment effect. The results show that hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonic treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment is superior to ultrasonic treatment group and H2O2 treatment. Through orthogonal experiments of phenol degradation rate of the size of the order has to pH>ultrasonic power>ultrasonic time>adding 0.1mmol·L-1FeSO4 amount of the basis of the experimental parameters, in order to obtain high degradation rate and cost, various factors. Optimization of process parameters for the ultrasonic time of 60 min, power is 200 W, pH is 3, adding FeSO4 amount of 1.0 mL. Under optimum conditions in this experiment, the degradation of phenol was 81.50%. Ultrasonic is relatively separate and separate hydrogen peroxide, the use of ultrasonic hydrogen peroxide degradation rate of phenol, save time, the advantages of speed degradation.     

响应面法优化超声波提取山楂皮渣三萜酸工艺

以山楂皮渣为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法对超声波提取三萜酸物质的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助提取山楂皮渣三萜酸的最佳工艺条件为:超声温度58℃,超声时间30 min,乙醇浓度81%,液料比9∶1(m L/g),提取2次。在此工艺条件下,山楂皮渣中三萜酸的提取率达(2.332±0.031)%。经过验证,所得工艺参数准确,可用于山楂皮渣三萜酸的提取。