青蒿素及其衍生物抗寄生虫的研究进展

本文介绍了青蒿素及其衍生物的基本研究状况和它们抗寄生虫病的研究进展，青蒿素及其衍生物主要的抗寄生虫作用表现为抗疟原虫和抗血吸虫，它们抗弓形虫、卡氏肺孢子虫、犬附红细胞体和球虫的作用也较强，对其进一步的研制和开发具有广阔的前号：     

Tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths

In Burkina Faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% CI: 73, 89) for G. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for G. palpalis.

The in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full spraying with a 0.005% alphacypermethrin (Dominex, FMC, Philadelphia, USA) formulation (250 mL versus 2 L). The proportions of knocked-down flies were the same with footbath and full spray but the latter was more protective against fly bites. In field use, the efficacy of both methods should be similar given the recommended treatment frequency: 3 days for footbath versus 7 days for full spray.

Among 96 cattle drinking at the same water point in Dafinso (Burkina Faso), 68 (71%) were treated with a footbath containing a 0.005% deltamethrin formulation (Vectocid, CEVA SA, Libourne, France). We observed the effect of this live-bait technique on the one hand on released cohorts of reared, irradiated flies, and on the other hand on wild tsetse flies. In both cases, the footbath treatment was associated with a reduction of the apparent fly density probably related to an increased mortality.     

Assessment of quality of life in equine patients

Reasons for performing study: Assessing patients' quality of life (QOL) is a core part of clinical decision making. Various methodologies for assessing patients' QOL have been developed in human medicine and small animal veterinary disciplines. In contrast, the lack of aids for QOL assessment in equine veterinary practice leaves practitioners reliant on subjective assessments of QOL, which may be prone to avoidable errors. Objectives: This paper suggests pragmatic ways in which QOL may be enhanced, while remaining appropriate for the time, financial and owner‐based constraints within equine practice. Methods: Through interdisciplinary research, this paper identifies, adapts and applies insights from several areas of research and practical experience in order to develop an overarching approach to making QOL‐based decisions in clinical cases. Results: The paper identifies 6 steps involved in QOL‐based decision making and provides examples of how these steps may be practically applied. These include deciding what each clinician feels is important; deciding how to evaluate it, including taking owners' views into consideration; making decisions about each case and achieving the desired clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Practitioners can draw their own conclusions on how they may improve QOL assessment in practice and may usefully share these with colleagues. Reporting cases and sharing practical examples of QOL tools used on the ground are vital to the development of this field and appropriate methodologies. Potential relevance: Improvements in QOL assessment are relevant to all areas of equine veterinary practice, and several areas of research. Further research may develop QOL assessment in practice, but more important are the personal improvements that each practitioner may achieve. See also correspondence by Grove     

肉牛呼吸系统疾病的诊断与防治

肉牛呼吸系统疾病是由环境因素(如断奶、运输、混群、阉割、拥挤和通风不良)、宿主自身因素和病原体等诸多因素相互作用引发的呼吸系统综合症。罹病牛日增重减少、饲料转化率降低、胴体质量下降和防治成本增加。在肉牛养殖业中,该病发病率和死亡率均较高,对世界肉牛养殖业造成巨大经济损失。文章介绍了发达国家和我国对肉牛呼吸系统疾病诊断、治疗和预防的近期研究进展,旨在为其有效防治提供参考。     

建立密植高产桑园的桑压条苗甲醛处理法

为了改造低产桑园、建立密植高产桑园,研究建立了提高压条苗生产效率的压条苗甲醛处理法,研究结果表明压条苗甲醛处理的生根数比环割处理增加130%,比非环割增加190%;压条苗甲醛处理的新根的生长比环割处理高1.5倍,比非环割处理高1.3倍;成苗率也是压条苗甲醛处理最好。该方法是一种高效成苗的方法。     

Effect of chiropractic manipulations on the kinematics of back and limbs in horses with clinically diagnosed back problems

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Although there is anecdotal evidence of clinical effectiveness of chiropractic in treatment of equine back pain, little scientific work has been reported on the subject. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of chiropractic manipulations on back and limb kinematics in horse locomotion. METHODS: Kinematics of 10 Warmblood horses were measured over ground at walk and trot at their own, preferred speed before, and one hour and 3 weeks after chiropractic treatment that consisted of manipulations of the back, neck and pelvic area. Speed was the same during all measurements for each horse. RESULTS: Chiropractic manipulations resulted in increased flexion-extension range of motion (ROM) (P<0.05) at trot in the vertebral angular segments: T10-T13-T17 (0.3 degrees ) and T13-T17-L1 (0.8 degrees ) one hour after treatment, but decreased ROM after 3 weeks. The angular motion patterns (AMPs) of the same segments showed increased flexion at both gaits one hour after treatment (both angles 0.2 degrees at walk and 0.3 degrees at trot, P<0.05) and 3 weeks after treatment (1.0 degrees and 2.4 degrees at walk and 1.9 degrees and 2.9 degrees at trot, P<0.05). The lumbar (L3 and L5) area showed increased flexion after one hour (both angles 0.3 degrees at walk and 0.4 degrees at trot P<0.05), but increased extension after 3 weeks (1.4 degrees and 1.2 degrees , at trot only, P<0.05). There were no detectable changes in lateral bending AMPs. The inclination of the pelvis was reduced at trot one hour (1.6 degrees ) and 3 weeks (3 degrees ) after treatment (P<0.05). The mean axial rotation of the pelvis was more symmetrical 3 weeks after the treatment at both gaits (P<0.05). There were no changes in limb angles at walk and almost no changes at trot. CONCLUSIONS: The main overall effect of the chiropractic manipulations was a less extended thoracic back, a reduced inclination of the pelvis and improvement of the symmetry of the pelvic motion pattern. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Chiropractic manipulations elicit slight but significant changes in thoracolumbar and pelvic kinematics. Some of the changes are likely to be beneficial, but clinical trials with increased numbers of horses and longer follow-up are needed.     

兔肺炎双球菌病的病原分离鉴定及治疗

2013年山东滨州市某兔场发生仔兔高病死率、母兔流产的疾病。为了诊断治疗该病,本试验采集病死兔肺脏进行病原的分离,通过病原分离、形态学观察、生理生化试验、溶血试验、药敏试验等试验,证实分离菌为肺炎双球菌。该菌具有α-溶血性,对青霉素、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星等药物敏感;动物回归试验成功复制出兔肺炎双球菌病,症状典型,病理剖检变化明显。根据临床症状和药敏试验结果,用青霉素等药物进行治疗,病情得到有效控制。     

山东省牛场粪污处理现状的调研报告

介绍山东省牛场粪污处理现状,分析养牛业粪污处理中存在的问题,并提出了解决山东省养牛业粪污处理的建议.     

犬产后惊厥的诊断和治疗

犬产后惊厥是小动物临床经常发生的产科疾病。该病表现为体温升高、呼吸急促、全身痉挛,容易误诊,治疗不及时甚至造成死亡。在小动物临床上要注意该病的诊断、治疗和预防。     

动物左旋咪唑中毒与解救

左旋咪唑是效果很好的驱除动物寄生虫的药物,但使用不当极易造成中毒。本文介绍了不同动物发生左旋咪唑中毒后的临床症状以及解救方法,旨在为临床应用提供参考。