水稻二化螟性信息素技术：粘胶诱捕器、性诱剂保存期和剂量

对不同剂量、不同保存期的性诱剂和几种常见诱捕器进行了田间诱蛾效果比较研究。结果表明,诱芯所含的性诱剂的剂量以300 μg为宜;在低温条件下保存1年对其诱蛾效果影响不大;泥盆诱捕器的诱蛾效果不理想,粘胶诱捕器的诱蛾效果也不及水盆诱捕器,但操作较为方便;在田间设置时,其适宜高度需随水稻高度而变化。     

不同氮肥水平下杂交粳稻滇杂35产量分析

 在不同施氮（0,150,300,450kg/hm2）条件下,对滇杂35及其亲本（母本合系42-5A, 父本南34）以及全国超级稻品种楚粳27的产量进行分析。结果表明：在土壤供氮水平较高条件下（土壤碱解氮154mg/kg）,随施氮量的增加,滇杂35及合系42-5B的产量明显下降（P＜005）,南34的产量显著增加（P＜005）,楚粳27的产量差异不明显。在不施氮和施氮量150kg/hm2的条件下,滇杂35的产量表现均优于其余供试材料,特别是不施氮条件下产量差异尤为明显,较合系42-5B,南34和楚粳27分别高3144%, 3856%, 2477%。此结果与滇杂35多年的推广生产结果一致,表明滇杂35特别在适合土壤氮肥较低的地区推广种植。     

籼稻精米重量性状的发育遗传分析

采用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了籼稻4个发育时期的精米重量性状.结果表明三倍体胚乳和二倍体母株基因的加性效应和显性效应以及细胞质效应可以明显影响各个稻米发育时期的精米重量,但主要为二倍体母株的核基因效应,其次为三倍体胚乳核基因效应.基因加性效应在稻米4个发育时期的精米重量表现中起着主要作用,选择可以取得良好的改良效果.条件方差分量分析结果表明,胚乳、细胞质和母体植株中控制精米重量性状表现的基因在多数稻米发育时期均有新的表达,且以稻米发育前期为主,其中开花后第8～14日是控制精米重量性状表现的基因表达最为活跃的时期,各遗传体系在接近稻米成熟时(开花后第22～28日)的新基因表达量尤其是基因的加性效应会明显下降,一些基因效应尤其是净细胞质效应存在着个别发育时期间断表达的现象.稻米不同发育时期的条件和非条件遗传效应预测值表明,作5等亲本可以明显提高后代的精米重量.     

Phylogenetic relationships between rice dwarf phytoreovirus isolates from five countries

Rice dwarf virus isolates were collected from several locations in Japan, the Philippines, China, Nepal and Korea. Genomic dsRNA segment profiles in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differed among the isolates. There were less differences in the profiles between isolates from Japan and Korea than in those between these two Countries and others. Nucleic acid hybridization was used to examine the extent of genomic variation. Full-length cDNAs to all genomic segments encoding non-structural proteins (S4, S6, S9, S10, S11 and S12) were synthesized from two Japanese isolates, and were used for dot-blot hybridization. Hybridizations using probes generated from the full-length cDNA clones failed to differentiate isolates from different geographical areas. However, cDNA probes covering a variable region of S12 were able to distinguish Japanese and Korean isolates from those of other countries. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of P12 encoded by S12 grouped Japanese and Korean isolates together. The Chinese isolates from two different locations (Yunnan and Fujian) were closely related to each other, and were the most distantly related to Japanese and Korean isolates.     

印楝在我国的引种与经营利用现状

印楝是一种速生和耐旱的多功能树种。从上世纪80年代开始引种，现已在我国进行了大规模的引种栽培并获成功。印楝具有较强的耐旱能力、生长迅速、材质优良、萌发力强、根系发达、易繁殖和生物量高等优良性状，且可用于医药、农药、肥料、饲料、燃料、土壤改良、绿化、建筑材料和化工原料等方面，是当前退耕还林中集生态效益、社会效益和经济效益为一体优良造林树种，具有较大的开发利用前景。     

湖南省10种籼稻谷挥发性成分的相似性研究

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME/GC-MS)联用方法对湖南省10种籼稻谷挥发性成分的相似性进行了研究。结果表明,该方法可以很好地分离籼稻的挥发性成分;通过对10种籼稻的GC-MS图谱分析,共确定了12个色谱峰为这10个品种籼稻挥发性成分的特征指纹峰,建立了籼稻挥发性成分的GC-MS指纹图谱,并对该图谱进行了相似度分析,结果显示10种籼稻相似度很高。建立的籼稻GC-MS指纹图谱,具有重复性和稳定性,可用于评价相关籼稻质量,为进一步研究稻谷挥发性成分提供参考。     

印楝实生苗年生长规律研究

研究了1年生印楝实生苗生长动态、苗木生物量积累与分配模式以及苗木生长与气象因子的关系,结果表明:印楝苗的年生长规律符合Logistic曲线特征,据此方程可以建立苗高、地径与生长时间的拟合模型,结合二次多项式对苗木连日生长量的动态模拟,可将苗木生长划分为4个阶段:出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长后期,其中处于速生阶段苗木的高和地径生长量均超过全年总量的70%,地径处于生长初期阶段的时间短于苗高,但生长量占全年总量之比是苗高的2倍;苗木生物量积累与苗高和地径的相关性极为密切,其中地上部分生物量占全株的69.1%,全株含水量是干质量的1.58倍;在制约苗木生长节律的气象因子中,偏相关分析表明:温度是苗木生长的主导因子.     

碾后白米形变消除规律试验

为解决碾后白米抛光时碎米多的问题,该研究以碾后的白米为原料,研究温度、相对湿度以及含水率对白米形变消除时间的影响规律,采用二次旋转组合试验方法设计试验,比较了白米形变消除后抛光与碾后直接抛光的整精米率。用EXCEL软件和SAS软件处理数据,建立相关数学方程。结果表明：在试验参数范围内（温度5～45℃,含水率13%～17%,相对湿度25%～85%）,碾后白米的形变经过46～69?min可以消除;含水率、环境温度和相对湿度对形变消除时间影响显著;白米消除形变后抛光的整精米率明显高于直接抛光的整精米率。所建数学模型对碾后白米形变消除具有指导作用。     

Evaluating the role of seed priming in improving drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming on drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice. Seeds of pigmented (cv. Heug Jinju Byeo) and non‐pigmented (cv. Anjoong) rice were soaked in water (hydropriming) or solution of CaCl₂ (osmopriming). Seeds were sown in soil‐filled pots retained at 70 (well‐watered) and 35% (drought) water‐holding capacity. Drought stress caused erratic and poor stand establishment and decreased the growth of both rice types. More decrease in plant height and leaf area under drought stress was noted in pigmented rice, whereas decrease in root length and seedling dry weight, under drought, was more obvious in non‐pigmented rice. Pigmented rice maintained more tissue water and photosynthesis and had more polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity than non‐pigmented rice. Seed priming was effective in improving stand establishment, growth, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity; however, extent of improvement was more in pigmented rice under drought. In conclusion, drought caused erratic germination and suppressed plant growth in both rice types. However, pigmented rice had better drought tolerance owing to uniform emergence, and better physiological and morphological plasticity. Seed priming was quite helpful in improving the performance of both rice types under drought and well‐watered conditions.     

种植和秸秆还田模式对一季稻产量和产量因子的影响

以籼型常规稻华航38号为材料,设置了T1(CK、不施肥、一季稻+冬闲、稻草移走)、T2(NPK全量、一季稻+紫云英、稻草移走)、T3(NPK全量、一季稻+紫云英、稻草还田)、T4(NP全量、K减半、一季稻+紫云英、稻草还田)、T5(NPK全量、一季稻+冬闲、秸秆全部移走)、T6(NPK全量、一季稻+油菜、秸秆全部移走)、T7(NPK全量、一季稻+油菜、秸秆全部还田)、T8(NPK全量,一季稻+油菜,稻草还田)、T9(NP全量、K减半、一季稻+油菜、稻草还田)共9个种植和秸秆还田方式组合处理,通过2016—2019年定位试验,考察了各处理对一季稻产量和产量形成的影响。结果表明：较不施肥处理,施N、P、K肥在2016和2017年对一季稻产量和地上部分总生物量提升效果不明显;待土壤基础地力耗竭后,2018和2019年分别增产53.65%和21.93%,且均达显著水平(P<0.05);除2018年外,冬种油菜可显著提升水稻产量;秸秆还田或移走处理在水稻产量、株高、地上部分总生物量方面差异均不显著;不同种植模式和秸秆还田方式主要通过调节单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数影响产量形成;冬种绿肥+稻草还田条件下,减量施钾50%依然能使一季稻保持稳产。