氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米叶片叶绿素含量及品质的影响

以间套作小麦玉米、单作小麦和单作玉米为研究对象,通过田间试验研究了氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米叶片叶绿素及品质的影响。主要结果为:在同一施氮水平下,间套作小麦旗叶叶绿素含量大于相应单作;单作和间套作小麦开花期旗叶叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间都呈显著正相关(r分别为0.960*,0.948*,0.968*,0.957*)。在相同施氮水平下,单作玉米叶绿素含量高于相应间套作玉米;单作和间套作玉米孕穗期叶绿素含量与其蛋白质含量之间也呈显著正相关(r分别为0.861*和0.870*)。     

圆叶决明草粉替代不同比例精料喂兔效果研究

利用豆科牧草圆叶决明Chamaecrista routundifolia CPI34721草粉分别以10%,15%,20%不同比例替代精料进行肉兔喂养试验.试验结果表明:与对照相比较,在兔只平均日增重、饲料利用率方面,各处理与对照差异不显著.替代10%和15%精料处理可显著提高兔肉品质,替代20%精料的处理在经济效益方面最佳,可提高经济效益5.15%.     

烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下糜子萌发和幼苗质量的调控效应

试验研究了烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下不同糜子品种萌发和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:与不浸种(CK1)和蒸馏水浸种(CK2)相比,烯效唑浸种显著提高了盐胁迫下粘丰5号的发芽势和发芽率,而对齐黍1号的作用不显著,且高浓度浸种起抑制作用;烯效唑浸种处理明显抑制了盐胁迫下两个供试品种糜子幼苗株高,并且抑制作用随浸种浓度的提高而加重;除粘丰5号的T5处理外,其它浸种处理均显著或极显著地提高了盐胁迫下两个供试品种幼苗侧根数和侧根总长;不同浓度浸种处理均对盐胁迫下粘丰5号主根长起抑制作用,而高浓度烯效唑浸种处理(T4和T5)则对齐黍1号主根长起促进作用;不同浓度烯效唑浸种处理对盐胁迫下粘丰5号叶和齐黍1号叶、根中SOD活性起抑制作用,而T1和T2对粘丰5号根中SOD活性起一定促进作用,而适当浓度烯效唑浸种(25~100 mg·L-1)可有效提高两个供试品种叶和根的APX活性。综合分析可知,T3处理(100 mg·L-1)虽对盐胁迫下两个供试糜子品种萌发的促进作用不是最显著,甚至起到抑制作用,但可明显促进幼苗重量、侧根发育、保护酶活性,在实际生产中可通过加大播种量的方法保证苗齐、苗壮。     

西北旱区喷灌条件下紫花苜蓿生长特征与品质指标的关系

西北旱区由于独特的气候条件,生产的苜蓿干草品质好,产量高。如何根据苜蓿的田间指标估测干草品质参数,对于苜蓿草产品生产销售具有重要意义。研究在喷灌条件下不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿的生长品质的影响,并利用生长指标对紫花苜蓿的品质进行预测。试验于2014至2015年于中国农业大学石羊河流域生态节水试验站进行为期2年的田间试验。试验共设3个灌溉处理:A₁灌溉量为100%紫花苜蓿蒸腾蒸散量(ETc),A₂,A₃的灌溉量分别为A₁处理的66%,33%,以及一个不灌溉处理A₄。结果表明,苜蓿生长指标如株高(H)和茎叶比(SLR)随生育期的推进呈上升趋势,而鲜干比(FDR)呈下降趋势;所有生长指标随着灌溉量的减少均呈下降趋势。在品质方面,随着生育期的推进,所有处理的粗蛋白(CP)呈下降趋势,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)则呈现上升趋势;随着灌溉量的降低,NDF与ADF呈下降趋势,而CP则呈上升趋势。各生长指标与品质指标的拟合结果表明,H和SLR均与各品质指标显著线性相关(P<0.001),且H与品质拟合结果相关系数最高(R²>0.900),而FDR则与各品质指标不显著。这些结果表明,在田间管理较好,长势良好,杂草与病虫害发生较少的情况下,可以用株高对苜蓿干草品质做出预测。     

滨藜灌木在优质羊肉形成过程中的作用

主要分析由耐盐植物滨藜灌木加工而成的饲料对羊肉品质的影响。滨藜可以提高胴体中瘦肉的比例．同时可增加肌肉中VE的含量．保持肉色稳定。概述了滨藜在羊肉生产中的最佳利用方式,通过综合考虑放牧条件和动物消化能力两方面因素,改变肉质组成和提高VE含量。滨藜的利用难点是能量值较低、增重效果差,单独饲喂满足不了肉羊生产需要,所以必须在饲料中补充高能牧草或精料。强调了耐盐滨藜灌木在羊肉生产中的作用,由于山羊具有采食滨藜灌木枝芽的特性,所以其增重较明显．同时又可提高瘦肉率和VE含量。     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Effect of site and storage conditions on quality of industrial fresh pepper

The commercial expansion of roasted pepper as a high market value product have made that the period of time in which canning industries process the fresh pepper fruits needs to be extended. Fresh sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) destined for industry grown in different sites was cold stored in order to analyse the effect of different sites and storage conditions on the quality of the product at harvest and during storage. Storage during 10 days at 8 °C was the best storage condition to improve quality of pepper destined for industry, because colour was improved, weight loss (1–1.6%) was lower than maximum permissible and decay incidence was only between 0% and 2.3%. Harvest should be delayed until pepper reaches the red state in order to increase the quality of the fruit. However, these results suggest that pepper growers should assure a high content of Ca (>0.6 g kg⁻¹) in the soil to avoid a high incidence of decay during storage when a late harvest is needed to guarantee the enhancement of colour in pepper fruit destined for industry. These storage conditions are in accordance with those found to improve the sensory quality of roasted pepper.     

早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

3类生境下脐橙果实细胞壁酶、瓤囊壁超微结构和品质变化的研究

为改进脐橙果实质地和科学生态区划与高品质栽培技术提供理论依据,研究了四川3类不同生境下脐橙果实果胶甲酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶(CX)、瓤囊壁超微结构及主要品质指标的变化。结果表明:果实生长发育期细胞壁酶活性逐渐升高,但不同生境类型的变化趋势不同。超微结构中,南亚热带攀枝花脐橙的线粒体明显,中胶层清晰,细胞壁形态结构较完整;中亚热带江安和中北亚热带雅安脐橙细胞壁的中胶层明显裂解,线粒体膜分解,细胞器空泡化。不同生境SSC和可溶性糖差异显著。PG酶活性与≥10℃积温、1月份平均气温、年平均气温显著负相关,与年降雨量显著正相关。固酸比与≥10℃积温、年平均气温、1月均气温极显著正相关,与日照时数极显著正相关,与降雨量显著负相关。     

槲树叶提取液对冷藏期间桃品质及抗氧化系统的影响

以生理成熟期‘新泰红’桃果实为试材,分别用0、2.5、5.0、7.5 g/L槲树叶提取液浸泡果实,以蒸馏水为对照,并于0℃冷藏,测定冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白等品质指标以及酶活力与活性氧等物质,探讨槲树叶提取液对采后桃果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:槲树叶提取液处理能够有效延缓冷藏期间桃果实冷害指数升高以及硬度下降,使整个冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量维持相对较高水平,并且能够有效延缓膜脂过氧化产物(丙二醛)以及活性氧物质(超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢和羟基自由基)积累;同时,槲树叶提取液处理还能够显著抑制果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,从而延缓冷藏期间桃果实褐变程度。综上所述,槲树叶提取液处理能够缓解冷藏期间桃果实冷害症状,以5.0 g/L槲树叶提取液处理效果最为明显。