夏县耕地质量状况与番茄标准化生产的对策研究

针对夏县耕地质量状况的特点,分析了在这一地区番茄生产中存在的问题,并提出了实施标准化生产的对策。     

市售商品牛肉品质的比较分析

 为了分析市售商品牛的牛肉品质,随机选择108头市售商品牛,按体重分为401 kg以下、401～500 kg、501～600 kg、601 kg以上,共4组。结果表明,4组胴体重差异极显著（P＜0.01),但各组牛的屠宰率无显著差异(P＞0.05);体重越大,牛肉色越深,脂肪色越白;剪切力随年龄和体重增大剪切力越小(P＞0.05);不同体重组间大理石花纹没有明显趋势(P＞0.05);背膘厚度随体重增加而变厚,但401 kg以下和501～600 kg两组间差异显著(P＜0.05);体重越大眼肌面积越大,401 kg以下组与其他各组间差异极显著(P＜0.01);体重越大分割肉重越多(P＜0.01)。综合分析表明,市售商品牛体重越大,食用品质越好。     

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

Irrigation scheduling based on yield and quality in Bromus inermis北大核心CSCD

A suitably calculated irrigation regime can improve the productivity of artificial grassland,improve the quality of pasture and enhance water use efficiency in drier areas. In this research we compared the effects of two irrigation regimes（regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages,I1;regulated deficit irrigation over the whole growth period ,I2）on yield and quality of Bromus inermis in the Hexi Corridor. Irrigation scheduling was optimized by considering the results of field trials and simulations of irrigation scheduling in typical dry years to provide a theoretical basis for local production practices. The results showed that：The yield of B. inermis in I1 initially increased and then decreased with successive increases in the amount of water applied,while in I2 B. inermis yield showed an increasing trend across the range of irrigation rates tested. In both irrigation regimes,the crude protein content of B. inermis gradually decreased with increasing water supply,while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased somewhat. Compared with I2,B. inermis yield was increased by 23.11% on average and crude protein content by 6. 09% on average in I1;therefore,the I1 irrigation regime was superior. Based on the field trial combined with the simulation of irrigation scheduling in a typical dry year,it was found that a treatment designated ［greening stage （75%-85% θFC）,jointing stage （65%-85% θFC）,and tasseling stage （65%-85% θFC）,I1DF1］,irrigation frequency of 12 times,and a total irrigation amount of 521. 76 mm provided water-saving benefits and stable yield in B. inermis in the Hexi Corridor. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

添食色素对家蚕茧质影响的研究

家蚕是一种产业化生产的经济昆虫 ,家蚕彩色茧的开发与产业化利用 ,有望为丝绸业带来新的绿色活力.本实验采用色素添食法生产彩色茧 ,研究了添食色素对结茧率和全茧量、茧层量、茧层率的影响.结果发现 :添食红色素对结茧率和茧质无显著影响 ,添食橙色2号色素其茧质成绩有所提高.     

果实生长期用MeJA处理对‘红贵妃’芒果货架品质的影响

我国芒果产区因缺乏采后处理条件,致使芒果在货架期品质劣变严重。本文研究了在果实生长期喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对‘红贵妃’芒果采后品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,5 mg/L的MeJA处理显著降低了芒果货架期的病情指数和发病率、延缓了果皮转黄、提高了果肉的TSS和Vc含量、降低了TA含量,使芒果在货架期保持较好的外观和营养品质。同时,MeJA处理抑制了采后炭疽病的发生,在货架前期降低了CAT和POD活性,提高了总酚、总黄酮、H2O2含量,在货架后期提高了CAT和POD活性,降低了H2O2含量。本研究表明,生长期MeJA处理使芒果保持较好货架期品质与其增强果实在货架期的抗病性有关。     

Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses,milk production and milk quality in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross‐over experimental design. Cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 at a dose of 0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a seven‐day trial. The clinical symptoms and milk production performance were observed. Milk samples were analysed for conventional components, fatty acids and amino acids. And jugular vein and mammary vein plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of cytokines and acute phase proteins. LPS infusion decreased feed intake and milk yield. An increase in body temperature was observed after LPS infusion. LPS infusion also increased plasma concentrations of interleukin‐1β, serum amyloid A, LPS‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin. LPS infusion decreased the contents of some fatty acids, such as C17:1, C18:0, C18:1n9 (trans) and C18:2n6 (trans), and most amino acids except for methionine, threonine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and proline in the milk. The results indicated that a continued low dose infusion of LPS can induce an inflammatory response, decrease milk production and reduce milk quality.     

不同稻秸添加比例对紫花苜蓿和麦麸混合青贮的影响

为探讨不同稻秸添加比例对紫花苜蓿和麦麸混合青贮发酵品质的影响,以紫花苜蓿、麦麸及5个不同比例(0、5%、10%、15%和20%)的稻秸分别进行混合裹包青贮,30 d后测定混合青贮饲料的发酵品质、营养品质和有氧稳定性。结果表明:1)稻秸添加组与不添加的对照组pH、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和NH_3-N/TN有显著差异(P<0.05);随着稻秸添加量的增加,pH值、ADF、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和有氧稳定性递增,粗蛋白(CP)、WSC、相对饲料值(RFV)和V-Score值降低。2)根据V-Score评分可知,0和5%的稻秸添加组发酵品质为优,10%和15%稻秸添加组的发酵品质为良,20%稻秸添加组发酵品质中等。3)青贮30 d开包后,0和5%的稻秸添加组的有氧稳定性分别为64和72 h,10%、15%和20%稻秸添加组的有氧稳定性均大于168 h;有氧暴露4 d后,0、5%、10%和20%稻秸添加组pH值迅速变化,15%稻秸添加组变化相对较小。综上所述,优质混合青贮的推荐稻秸添加比例应小于5%。     

牛肉品质蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代出现的一个新研究领域。中国牛肉目前仍需要大量进口,提高牛肉肉品质一直是我国畜牧和食品行业科研工作者尽心研究的一大课题。随着基因组学的发展,从蛋白质水平研究肉品质及形成机理,对提高肉品质有着重要的意义。肌肉主要由水及蛋白质等成分组成,且肌肉的性状以及品质主要就是由蛋白质来表达的。因此,研究牛肉蛋白质组学对认知以及调控牛肉的品质具有重要意义。本文主要对蛋白质组学的研究技术及其在牛肉品质研究中的应用做简要介绍。     

铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响

用21日龄Arbor Acress(AA)肉公鸡336只,研究饲粮中添加铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响。将试验鸡只共分为8个处理组,分别添加源于氯化铬的铬2．0、4．0、6．0、8.0、10．0、12．0和14．0mg/kg。结果表明:饲粮中添加2．0mg/kg铬显著提高了肉仔鸡胸腺重(P<0．10),降低了腹脂率(P<0．10),4．0、6．0mg/kg铬显著提高了全净膛率(P< 0．10),各试验组显著提高了T淋巴细胞转化率(P<0．10);饲粮中添加铬对其余指标则无显著影响(P>0．10)。