望谟县特大山洪泥石流灾后重建分区与功能定位

贵州省黔西南自治州望谟县灾后重建关系到灾区群众的切身利益和长远发展,必须全面贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持以人为本,尊重自然,科学规划,合理布局,要立足灾区实际,做好重建分区与功能定位.在灾区范围内根据流域的生态环境背景,通过对其资源环境承载能力进行综合评价,充分考虑其国土开发强度、产业发展方向以及人口集聚和城镇建设的适宜程度,对其指标体系进行分层聚类,以定量为主,定性为辅进行生态环境建设分区,同时兼顾行政单元的完整性,将灾区范围国土空间分为生态保护区(面积376.07 km2)、适度重建区(面积716.06 km2)、适宜发展区(面积407.47 km2),分析其功能定位,使管制原则与城镇建设更趋于合理,为灾后重建的规划布局工作提供理论支撑.     

考虑自然风的气辅式喷雾雾滴飘失特性建模与补偿

气流辅助喷雾在雾滴减飘方面确有效果,然而大田作业时,其减飘效果受到自然风、喷雾流量、风筒出口风速、喷雾角等多种工况的严重影响。该文采用多相流计算流体动力学软件,建立三维流场几何模型,依据不同工况参数对雾滴漂移特性的影响,利用均匀设计安排试验方案,研究雾滴在自然风、辅助气流综合作用下在连续相和雾滴粒子离散相的耦合规律,通过流体动力学仿真完成训练样本采集,采用多元相关向量机回归方法建立不同自然风速下减飘模型,并通过模糊决策支持系统对作物茂密程度和喷嘴与冠层间垂直距离进行控制参数修正。试验结果表明：多元相关向量机回归模型预测飘失率的平均绝对百分比误差为2.56%,自然风扰动中实测和预测飘失率平均误差为8.92%,其飘失规律与所建飘失模型基本吻合。研究结果可为面向雾滴沉积效果的喷雾主动控制系统设计提供参考。     

基于相态图像在线检测的RCP轴封内流场试验研究

为了研究反应堆冷却剂主泵动压轴封异常工作状态、验证第三级副密封所处工况条件,开展了轴系温度分布仿真分析.采用微型内窥装置在线获取三级低压泄漏流相态图像,对所得图像进行数值化处理;采用Sobel边沿检测算法求取图像边沿化后的均方差,实现了基于内窥图像的主泵轴封低压泄漏流相态的在线监测.通过提高密封第三级泄漏背压,改善浮动...     

高压水射流在高压气管内表面清洗中的应用

储运高压气的高压气管使用中因其内表面残留氧化皮脱落造成出口阀路堵塞,导致高压气管失效。介绍了高压水射流清洗技术的特点和水射流效应的机理,阐述了该设备的工作过程、系统组成和基本参数,并作了经济分析和效果评价。     

同源四倍体青花菜离体再生及其倍性鉴定

以同源四倍体青花菜带柄子叶为外植体,研究其离体再生体系。结果表明： 10 d苗龄外植体在MS + 0.05 mg·L^-1 NAA + 3.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.8% 琼脂 + 3% 蔗糖培养基上不定芽的再生频率最高为63.3％;继代培养(MS + 0.04 mg·L^-1 NAA + 4.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.8% 琼脂 + 3% 蔗糖)增殖系数为6,诱导(1/2MS + 0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA + 0.7% 琼脂 + 3% 蔗糖)生根率100％,移栽成活率90％。流式细胞技术分析及染色体计数鉴定结果表明,再生植株的DNA相对含量为二倍体的2 倍,染色体数为2n=4x=36。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的可压缩翼型绕流模拟

采用能够恢复可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的耦合双分布(DDF)格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)模拟了贴体网格下的NACA0012翼型绕流.首先在Ma＝0.5,α＝0.0,Re＝5 000状态下通过模拟低雷诺数流动检验了该方法;然后分别在Ma＝0.5,0.85和1.2,α＝-0.05,1.0和0.0状态下进行了模拟,并在Ma＝0.85时通过加密网格得到了更好的结果.为了避免转捩问题采用了无粘边界条件进行模拟,但得到的压力系数与实验结果吻合良好,证明了该方法的可靠性并显示了其模拟可压缩的潜力.该方法在翼型绕流上的应用为湍流流动的数值模拟提供了基础.     

圆形断面均匀流水深的近似计算公式

【目的】针对目前圆形断面均匀流水深计算公式存在计算误差大、适用范围小的弊端,欲提出一种新的近似计算公式。【方法】对圆形断面均匀流方程进行数学变换,得到无量纲参数k值的表达式,并应用最佳逼近拟合原理对k值与无量纲水深x值进行优化拟合。【结果】得到了圆形断面均匀流水深的近似计算公式,误差分析及实例计算表明,该公式在工程常用范围内最大相对误差小于0.9%。【结论】与现有计算公式比较,该公式计算精度高,适用范围广,可以满足工程要求。     

基于最优潮流并计及TCPST的可用输电能力计算

基于最优潮流(OPF)方法.将可用输电能力的计算转化为求解多约束的非线性规划问题,建立了计及品闸管控制的移相器(TCPST)的ATC计算模型.利用功率注入法将TCPST对电网的控制作用通过对相关节点的等效注入功率来体现,从而使与TCPST关联的节电导纳矩阵南非对称阵变为对称阵.进而大大简化了潮流计算程序.在算法上采用半光滑牛顿算法,IEEE30节点系统的计算结果表明,所提出的模型及算法正确.     

Influence of High Shoot and Root-Zone Temperatures on Growth of Three Wheat Genotypes during Early Vegetative Stages

High temperatures, whether of shoot or root, are reported to affect shoot and root growth of various plant species. The scanty information available on the differential response of wheat genotypes to high shoot and root‐zone temperatures triggered this investigation to study the response and adaptation of shoot and root growth of three wheat genotypes to high shoot and root‐zone temperatures during early growth stages. Three wheat genotypes; Fang (heat tolerant), Siete Cerros (heat sensitive) and Imam (recent cultivar adapted to a hot irrigated environment) were grown in soil and hydroponically. Three shoot/root‐zone temperatures (23/23, 23/35 and 35/35 °C for the soil experiment and 22/22, 22/38 and 38/38 °C for the hydroponic experiment) were applied at three‐leaf growth stage. High root‐zone temperature alone or combined with high shoot temperature reduced xylem sap flow rate, root dry weight, root length and root/shoot ratio. Unexpectedly, shoot fresh and dry weights and relative growth rate (RGR) were not significantly affected by the high root‐zone temperature except for the susceptible genotype, Siete Cerros, after prolonged exposure in the hydroponic experiment. In contrast, high shoot/root‐zone temperature significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights from as early as the first week of the hydroponic experiment. The 38/38 °C treatment also caused significant reduction in RGR and net assimilation rate during the first 2 weeks, but no significant differences were found during the last 2 weeks compared with 22/22 °C. Interesting responses were observed among genotypes in terms of shoot and root dry weights and root/shoot ratio at 38/38 °C treatment. The heat‐sensitive Siete Cerros showed the least reduction in these traits during the first 2 weeks while the heat‐tolerant Fang and Imam responded by greatly reducing their shoot and root weights. The situation was almost reversed with the duration of treatments such that Siete Cerros became the most affected genotype while Fang and Imam were better adapted to high shoot/root‐zone temperature. Specific root weight was the exceptional trait that increased under high temperature treatments. Results indicate that despite the reduction in root length and weight observed under high root‐zone temperature, shoot growth was not much affected suggesting that the use of suitable cultivar coupled with proper management could alleviate most of high root‐zone temperature effects during early growth stages.     

晚更新世小江流域泥石流沉积特征及发育规律

泥石流沉积物作为晚更新世一种特殊沉积类型,是在特定的地质过程和地理环境中形成的。由于特殊的地理环境,泥石流沉积成为晚更新世小江流域主要的沉积类型,本文在研究了青藏高原东缘小江流域蒋家沟附近晚更新世不同时段泥石流沉积剖面沉积特征、化学元素及可溶盐成分的富集规律、CaCO₃含量、pH值、有机质含量及植物花粉组合特征后发现,自末次间冰期到末次冰期,沉积物基质中可溶性盐在增多,花粉从以木本为主转变为草本为主,同时泥石流沉积层有变薄的趋势,反映了随气候变冷,泥石流有减少的趋势。