Effects of darkness on stem elongation in tulip

Effects of darkness during the growing-period on the internode elongation of tulips were investigated. The last internode was the longest one when grown under natural light conditions, while continuous darkness caused the first internode to elongate the most. Application of a 5-day dark treatment to growing tulips during the phase of rapid stem extension resulted in significant increase in the length of the first internode. It was effective in obtaining taller tulips owing to increased elongation of the first internode, and may be effectively applied to tulip cut-flower production.     

Possibilities of selection for keeping quality in tulip breeding

Summary The vase-life in tulip (Tulipa L.) is an important character. Research was done on the possibilities of selecting for keeping quality. It was found that the keeping quality of undetached flowers was strongly correlated with the keeping quality of cut flowers at 17°C in a glasshouse. The period from flowering date till 50% discoloration appeared to be highly correlated with days to perianth drop. For practical reasons the latter trait has preference in selection work. The number of days to discoloration is also an effective selection criterion. Flower longevity in the field in April/May and in the glasshouse were significantly correlated; thus, already in the field a first selection on keeping quality can be carried out. The increase in height for flowering (adult) and non-flowering (juvenile) plants during forcing did not appear to be significantly correlated with flower longevity, so preselection on this character is not promising. Flower longevity was positively correlated with forcing period. This poses some problems in selection, as a long forcing period is considered an undesirable character. The daily water uptake of cut flowers was significantly correlated with flower longevity.     

Uptake and translocation of nitrogen in patumma (Curcuma alismatifolia) by leaves or root

An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is important for patumma growth and flower quality. This study aimed to compare the uptake and translocation of N by foliar and root application. Fertilization with ¹⁵ nitrate (NO₃)-N via roots or leaves was carried out at four stages, at the 1st to 4th fully expanded leaf (FEL) stages, and the plants were sampled at each successive stage. The uptake and translocation of ¹⁵N from foliar or root applications showed relatively similar patterns at all stages. Although the N fertilizer utilization rate by roots was higher than that via leaves, the foliar application stimulated reproductive growth by earlier flowering. The N supplied at the 1st FEL and the 2nd FEL was utilized mainly in leaves, whereas supplying N at the 3rd and 4th FEL promoted flower quality. Fertilizer application method and stage of application influence the utilization rate and translocation of N to the sink organs.     

Breeding for resistance to fusarium oxysporumF. SP. tulipae in tulip (tulipaL.).2. phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of cultivars

Summary Fusarium bulb rot is a serious tulip disease. Breeding for resistance may contribute considerably to a solution of the problem.It has been demonstrated that juvenile and adult bulbs of the same cultivars in Fusarium contaminated soil showed good agreement in degree of resistance.From an incomplete diallel cross of these cultivars second-year bulblets of 62 progenies were planted in both contaminated and non-contaminated soil. The percentages of non-diseased bulbs harvested provided a criterion for resistance. The analysis of combining ability for the degree of resistance revealed that both the mean square of GCA and that of SCA were significant. The relative magnitudes of the GCA and SCA mean squares suggest that resistance is governed primarily by additive gene action. The GCA of individual parents could be estimated and tested. In general it corresponded with their phenotypic behaviour.     

豫南山区鹅掌楸引种栽培试验初报

七十年代以来 ,我们对鹅掌楸进行了引种试验。通过对其生态适应性、生物学特性以及综合栽培技术的研究 ,成功地解决了引种与速生栽培中的多项技术问题 ,使鹅掌楸在豫南山区表现出较好的速生、优质特性     

郁金香和百合主要病害、病原及鉴定方法

郁金香和百合是最重要的百合科球根花卉。病害是制约郁金香和百合产业健康发展的重要因素。本文介绍了国内为害郁金香和百合的主要病害和病原。国内为害郁金香和百合的主要病原真菌有镰刀菌、灰霉和炭疽菌;主要病原细菌有萎蔫短小杆菌、果胶杆菌属和迪基氏属软腐细菌;主要病毒有郁金香碎色病毒、百合斑驳病毒、百合无症病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒等RNA病毒。主要植物病原线虫有短体线虫、茎线虫和滑刃线虫。线虫取食伤害郁金香和百合的根、鳞茎和芽,促进病原真菌和细菌对植物的复合侵染;毛刺属和拟毛刺属线虫除侵害郁金香和百合,还作为介体向植物传播烟草脆裂病毒。为害郁金香和百合的线虫,南芥菜花叶病毒、草莓潜隐环斑病毒和番茄环斑病毒等RNA病毒是与郁金香和百合相关的主要进境检疫性有害生物。本文也介绍了鉴定这些病原的常规方法和新方法,为建立郁金香和百合主要病原的检测检疫体系提供技术理论支持。     

新疆野生郁金香和栽培种的RAPD分析

用8个RAPD引物对10个郁金香栽培品种和4个新疆野生种的群体进行了RAPD-PCR扩增,共扩增出38个有效位点,各位点谱带大小0.2～1.5 kb,其中4个野生物种位点多态性为50%～68%、Nei's基因多样性(H)为0.18～0.21、Shannon's信息指数(I)为0.27～0.32;栽培种为无性系纯系,群体内部没有多态性片断,但各品种之间差异明显.聚类分析表明:供试群体可分为4大遗传类型,第一类为野生类型,包括4个野生物种,和其他国外栽培种之间遗传距离较远;第二类为单瓣晚花系列的栽培种Mrs J T Scheepers和Halcro, 与野生种之间的遗传距离相对较近,因而与其有较好的杂交亲和潜力;第三类为栽培品种Negrita,具有独特的红紫花,与栽培种和野生种的平均遗传距离近乎相等,似乎是它们的居间类型;其它栽培品种为第四类;这些研究结果为郁金香培育奠定技术基础.     

杂交鹅掌楸苗期光合特性的研究

本文研究了杂交鹅掌楸、鹅掌楸及北美鹅掌楸家系实生苗的光合特性,并分析了光合指标与生长性状的相关性,结果表明:(1)杂交鹅掌楸为阳性树种,其光饱和点在1200 μmol·m-2·s-1以上;(2)正交家系CT01对光强的适应范围较广,对光能的利用率较高;回交0家系HCO2具有较低的CO2补偿点,且它们的平均净光合速率(Pn)值较高,认为对于鹅掌楸属树种可以通过杂交,选育高光合能力的杂种后代;(3)在Pn指标上,与鹅掌楸相比多数杂种家系具有明显优势;苗高和地径与单株面积和光合生产率(PP)呈显著或极显著正相关     

Flooding causes loss in viability and pathogenicity of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia tuliparum

Samenvatting Rhizoctonia tuliparum veroorzaakt kwadegrond in tulp en iris. Sclerotiën van deze schimmel kunnen in grond zeer lang levensvatbaar en pathogeen blijven. Van sclerotiën van enkele schimmels is bekend, dat ze gevoelig zijn, voor inundatie die een aantal weken duurt. Inundatie wordt in Nederland vanaf 1982 door verscheidene, bollentelers 's zomers toegepast ter bestrijding van ziekten en onkruid.Sclerotiën vanR. tuliparum werden verpakt in nylon zakjes, ingegraven in emmers met grond en 1–6 weken geïnundeerd bij 17 °C. Op verschillende tijdstippen werden geïnundeerde en niet-geïnundeerde sclerotiën hetzij ontsmet, in 2,5% formaldehyde en vervolgens uitgeplaat op moutagar met oxytetracycline, hetzij aangebracht tussen de bruine huid en de buitenste bolrok van in kleine potjes geplante tulpebollen (cv. Apeldoorn); iedere bol werd geïnoculeerd met, een sclerotium. Na twee maanden werden de planten beoordeeld op symptomen van kwadegrond.In de eerste proef, waarbij sclerotiën werden uitgeplaat op agar, bleek er uit sommige sclerotiën die 2 weken waren geïnundeerd nog mycelium te groeien, terwijl dit na, 4 weken inundatie niet meer plaatsvond. In de tweede proef kiemden de sclerotiën op agar niet meer na 2 weken inundatie, maar meer dan de helft van de geïnoculeerde tulpebollen vertoonde wel symptomen. Pas als de sclerotiën 4 weken geïnundeerd waren bleken ze zodanig geïnactiveerd te zijn, dat er geen symptomen van kwadegrond werden waargenomen. Resultaten van veldproeven moeten nog worden afgewacht.