低温处理时间对郁金香生物学性状及种球繁殖的影响

以郁金香品种"世界真爱"和"黄玉"为试材,采用低温处理的方法,研究了低温处理时间对植株生物学性状及种球繁殖的影响,以期探索出不同郁金香品种的最低需冷量,为郁金香盆花、切花周年生产提供参考依据。结果表明:"世界真爱"不经过低温处理(CK)的植株和低温处理2周的植株不能现蕾开花,低温处理4、6、8周的植株开花率分别为63.3%、80.0%、93.3%,低温处理10周,能够满足植株正常生长开花所需全部冷量,植株开花率同处理12周的植株开花率,均为100.0%;"黄玉"不经过低温处理(CK)的植株和低温处理2、4周的植株不能现蕾开花,低温处理6、8周的植株开花率分别为73.3%和83.3%,低温处理10周,能满足植株正常生长开花所需全部冷量,与处理12周的植株在开花率方面差异不显著,二者的开花率分别为96.7%和100.0%。低温处理不仅可以缩短郁金香生长周期,提高植株的生物学性状质量,而且能促进新球的形成和发育。随着低温处理时间的延长,"世界真爱"的种球繁殖系数由2.1增加至4.2,"黄玉"的种球繁殖系数由2.4增加至4.4。但对供试的2个品种植株而言,低温处理10周的植株,与处理12周的植株在开花、生物学性状和子球繁殖系数方面差异不明显。     

鹅掌楸组织培养技术研究

运用组织培养技术对鹅掌楸穴LiriodendronchinenseSarg.雪的种子及冬芽进行诱导,通过初代培养、继代培养、生根培养及炼苗等技术研究,筛选出最适宜的培养基配方。结果表明:冬芽诱导的最佳配方为WPM+穴0.2～2.0雪mg/LBAP鸦种子发芽诱导最佳配方为MS+0.05mg/LBAP鸦继代培养最佳配方为MS+0.2mg/LBAP+0.05mg/LNAA或WPM+0.2mg/LBAP;生根培养最佳配方为WPM或1/2WPM+穴1.0～2.0雪mg/LNAA,1/2MS+0.2mg/LIBA+0.1mg/LNAA+0.1mg/LABT;炼苗最佳基质为蛭石。     

Inheritance of flower pigments in tulip (Tulipa L.)

Summary In order to investigate the inheritance of flower colour in tulips, seven cultivars were crossed and selfed in a diallel. Of these parents and their F₁'s the relative amounts of carotenoids, delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, quercetin and kaempferol were determined.For delphinidin, quercetin and daempferol only additive gene action was determined, and for carotenoids, cyanidin and pelargonidin also non-additive gene action and plasmic differences.Biosynthesis of delphinidin and pelargonidin was only found when cyanidin was present, while synthesis of delphinidin and pelargonidin was antagonistic.     

郁金香栽培技术

对郁金香引种栽培技术作了较为全面的介绍 ,并针对山西省目前的生产条件提出了具体操作要点 ,旨在对省内郁金香花卉的栽培、生产有所裨益     

郁金香引种及其在庐山适应性的研究

采用随机取样的方法 ,对从荷兰引进的 7个色系、18个品种的郁金香进行了在庐山适应性的研究。结果表明 :郁金香在庐山具有很好的适应性 ,无论是引种球还是自产球都能正常开花 ,并且繁殖系数与种球的大小成反比关系     

Effects of nitrogen form of nutrient solution on uptake and concentration macro element and morphological trait in hydroponic tulip

Effects of nutrient solution composition ratio on (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv, ?Apricot Parrot? and ?Daytona? growth and flowering were studied hydroponics. Plants were grown with five treatments respectively: S₁(0), S₂(0.01), S₃(0.02) S₄(0.03) and S₅(0.04) meq L^.-1 ammonium or 0,0.38, 0.74, 0.11 and 0.14 ammonium (NH₄⁺)/NH₄+nitrate (NO₃)^?ratios. Flowering was accelerated by increase of ammonium level for both cultivars. Nutrition solution was not significant on the stem length of Daytona cultivar, but maximum flowering stem length occurred S₂ solution for Apricot Parrot cultivar. Increasing ammonium level, decreased potassium concentration in the aerial parts. Total nitrogen of new bulbs decreased with increasing ammonium level for both cultivars. Maximum bulblet production rate occurred in plants that were fed with S₅ solution. Maximum flower longevity was in S₂ solution for both cultivars. growth and quality of tulip were affected by ammonium level in nutrient solution, so for obtain the best flower quality must added to nutrient solution.     

Possibilities of selection for keeping quality in tulip breeding. 2

Summary Criteria of selection for keeping quality in tulip breeding are reviewed on the basis of a wide range of cultivars and species. The conclusion from an earlier, more limited study that there are large differences in keeping quality between cultivars in several characteristics is confirmed. The choice of the number of days between the onset of flowering and perianth drop as the best criterion is reconsidered because in some cases perianths may remain on the plant long after they have lost their attractiveness. It was found that the sequence in which the various stages (50% discoloration. perianth curving, perianth drop, leaves and stem no longer upright) are reached is not the same for all cultivars and species. None of these phenomena can therefore be used exclusively as criterion of keeping quality. A more comprehensive criterion as the number of days the flower maintains its ornamental value, is useful when commercial cultivars are compared, but for breeding and physiological research attention should be given to all individual aspects of the keeping quality of flower. stem and leaves.     

Identification of tulip cultivars based on polymorphism in esterase isozymes from bulb scales

Summary An efficient procedure for identification of tulip cultivars in dry bulb stage, based on polymorphism in the isozymes of esterase, is described. Out of 91 cultivars (excl. mutants) which were analyzed for their esterase banding patterns, 78 (86%) could be uniquely identified using native PAGE of bulb protein extracts. A group of 14 Darwin hybrids showed strongly resembling banding patterns; they all originate from the same breeder and most likely have the same parents. Mutants could not be discriminated. The esterase patterns were not influenced by type of bulb scale used for extraction (inner vs outer scale), bulb size (mature bulb or clister) and bulb origin (different lots, grown on sand or clay). However, bulb storage did affect the esterase pattern in several cultivars; generally, some bands appeared or became more intense in the lowest region of the banding pattern after storage of the bulbs.     

郁金香养分吸收及分配规律

在园林栽培条件下,观测郁金香生育期内各器官干重及其氮磷钾养分含量,揭示郁金香氮磷钾养分的吸收与分配规律,为郁金香科学施肥及探索鳞茎发育机制提供理论依据。根据郁金香生长发育规律,将整个生育期分为4个阶段,第Ⅰ阶段为萌动期,氮磷钾养分吸收较少;第Ⅱ阶段为茎叶生长期,氮磷钾养分吸收量较高,尤其是氮素;第Ⅲ阶段为开花期,钾素吸收比例达到最大值,前3个阶段养分主要源自母球和地上部分器官供应;第Ⅳ阶段为子球生长期,养分需求量较大,平均每株吸收N,P2O5,K2O各18053 mg,3327 mg,5034 mg。因此,郁金香园林栽培时应在栽前施足基肥基础上,生育期内保证充足的氮肥供应,并建议在现蕾期适当追施磷钾肥,以提高生长开花质量,保证观赏效果。     

杂种马褂木抽提物的抗虫性

研究了杂种马褂木抽提物对菜青虫、蚜虫、棉铃虫的毒杀作用。结果显示杂种马褂木抽提物对3种昆虫所起作用不同,对菜青虫有拒食作用,对蚜虫有触杀作用,而对棉铃虫作用不明显。