基于超声法检测钢管混凝土质量

综述了超声法检测钢管混凝土拱桥质量缺陷的理论和方法,重点研究超声波通过钢管混凝土试件常规缺陷状况下的参数特征和波形特征.实现了钢管混凝土常规缺陷的定性测量,为超声法检测钢管混凝土拱桥提拱了有益的参考,对于实际工程的检测有很大的实用价值.     

精密播种输种管的微机设计方法探讨

在力学分析的基础上,建立了数学模型,编制了微机程序。利用本程序设计的精密播种输种管,经台架,大土槽及田间进行排种性能试验和生产试验,均表明具有良好性能。证明该程序设计方法简单、可靠、实用。     

一种空气相对湿度算法及其编程

通过对湿度查算表湿度、干球温度、干湿球温差数据间关系的分析研究，提出一种根据湿度基准值进行二次线性插值求得湿度测量值的计算方法。对计算准确度、测量范围与基准值设置的关系做了讨论，给出了计算方法的C语言程序。本方法简便、准确，如计算结果四舍五人保留整数，则与湿度查算表数值完全吻合。实验表明：应用此方法的实时测湿系统，其湿度测量精度主要取决于温度测量精度。     

不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与鳞茎生物碱含量研究

[目的]研究不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与地下鳞茎总生物碱含量。[方法]采用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱的含量。[结果]在不同产地和生长年限的伊贝母中,其地上部位与地下鳞茎的生物碱含量存在差异,4年生的伊贝母总生物碱含量比3年和5年的含量高,地上部位中总生物碱含量为地下鳞茎中的1.258~2.870倍,新疆伊犁州新源县中的伊贝母总生物碱含量均比其他产地的总生物碱含量低。[结论]不同产地和生长年限伊贝母中总生物碱含量因产地及生长年限不同而存在差异,但总体上地上部分的总生物碱含量高于地下鳞茎,存在进一步研究与开发的价值。     

百合组培球茎尖剥取技术研究

[目的]研究百合组培球茎尖剥取技术。[方法]对不同直径大小的组培球对百合剥取茎尖的影响及不同大小的茎尖对百合脱毒效果的影响进行研究。[结果]大于0.5 cm的百合组培球适合茎尖剥取;在组培球剥取茎尖过程中,剥取0.4~0.7 mm大小的茎尖适合百合脱毒的培养。[结论]为百合种球生产提供技术支撑。     

外源DNA导入大豆获得一不育材料

获得不育系的途径有许多，如远缘杂交，自然变异，无性系变异等。本试验以吉林２０号大豆为受体，采用花偻管通道导入技术，导入远缘材料鹰咀豆总体ＤＮＡ，于Ｄ２代获得一不育变异株Ｄ８８０４－７，通过对该材料雌雄育性进行了一系列研究，初步认为，Ｄ８８０４－７材料为雌雄育性均不正常，自交可结少量种子，不育性可自交保持的不育材料。     

Early forcing of narcissus: The effects of lifting date and stage of floral development at the start of cooling

Early Narcissus flowers may be obtained if bulbs are lifted early from the field, warm-stored (35°C) and then cool-stored (9°C) before forcing in a glasshouse. The earliest satisfactory forcing was investigated, in ‘Carlton’ and ‘Fortune’, by lifting weekly from 27 May to 22 June, and storing at 17°C for 0–7 weeks between warm- and cool-storage. Storage at 17°C is usually intercalated to allow the completion of flower differentiation prior to the start of cool storage.After warm-storage, the bulbs lifted on 27 May and 22 June had reached Stages Sp and A2 of flower differentiation, respectively; 5–7 weeks of 17°C-storage were then needed to reach complete flower differentiation (Stage Pc). Cool storage was therefore begun with bulbs ranging from Stage Sp to Stage Pc. The earliest cooled bulbs had progressed only to Stage A2, and all others to Stage Pc, after 14–16 weeks of cool storage. No floral defects (e.g., split paracorolla) were noted in any treatment, but in ‘Carlton’, about half the bulbs lifted on 27 May and stored for 0 or 1 week at 17°C did not yield a flower, due to failure of the scape to elongate and death of the flower bud within the spathe.Duration of the glasshouse period was reduced by later lifting and by longer 17°C-storage, but following lifting on 15 or 22 June and 2 or more weeks at 17°C, differences were trivial. For flowering within 30 days in the glasshouse, 5 or 6 weeks' 17°C-storage was needed with 27 May lifting, reducing to 1 week at 17°C after 22 June lifting. Flowering within 21 glasshouse days was achieved only after 15 or 22 June lifts followed by 4–5 weeks at 17°C. The earliest flowers in ‘Fortune’ (7 November) were produced following 3–5 weeks at 17°C after lifting on 27 May or 1 June, or following 1–2 weeks at 17°C after later lifting. In ‘Carlton’, the earliest flowers (23 November) followed 2–3 weeks at 17°C after lifting between 1 and 15 June, or 0–1 weeks at 17°C after the last lifting date (22 June). Following the use of 3 weeks' 17°C-storage, flowering date was about equal, irrespective of lifting date. However, further extension of 17°C-storage resulted in a delay in flowering date. Scape length increased irregularly with longer storage at 17°C; scapes were taller following later lifting (8–22 June) than following earlier lifting. Differences in flower diameter between treatments were relatively small.     

Sperm localization in the oviducts of artificially inseminated dairy cattle

Eight animals, 3 heifers and 5 primiparous cows, were artificially inseminated by intrauterine deposition of frozen-thawed semen. The insemination dose comprised 20×10⁶ or 200 × 10⁶ spermatozoa, frozen in French mini straws. Four animals were inseminated at fixed time interval (72 or 84 h) after cloprostenol injection. The remaining 4 animals were inseminated in spontaneous oestrus. Slaughter took place 2 or 12 h after insemination. After fixation the oviducts were cut into segments, which were serial-sectioned and stained. Six sections per segment were examined under the microscope for sperm recovery.The number of spermatozoa recovered from the oviducts varied considerably among animals. Recovery was poor (less than 50 spermatozoa) in 4 animals. Recovery was low when insemination took place in induced oestrus and with the lower sperm number (20×10⁶). In animals in which more than 50 spermatozoa were found the distribution varied both between animals and between oviducts within the same animal. Overall, more spermatozoa were found in the lower (UTJ, isthmus and AIJ) than in the upper (ampulla) parts of the oviducts. In 3 out of 4 animals more spermatozoa were recovered from the left than from the right oviduct. Only in 1 animal were the majority of spermatozoa found in the oviduct ipsilateral to the follicle-bearing ovary.     

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成,对各器官系统的发生起着定向发育的作用。原条最初发生于交配后12天23时47分。从胚盘后结开始外胚层表面的中线加厚並向前延伸形成原条。随后,原结、原沟、原窝、头突及神经板相继出现。原条是胚中轴发生的基础。交配后13时5分,原窝底部的头突向前延伸形成管索管。交配后14天15时,脊索在内外胚层间形成空心的脊索管。脊索管的底部与内胚层融合。进而消失开口于卵黄囊,形成临时性的神经肠管。脊索是胚胎椎柱形成的中轴。胚胎的第1对体节,发生于交配后15天3时20分。交配后15天15时35分为3对体节(图1),交配后16天14时3分,已出现6对体节(图2)。此时,体节两侧的间中胚层及侧扳分界清楚。胚内体腔仅见于前肠两侧。体节的发生是胚胎的骨骼、肌肉、及尿殖系统等对称发育的基础。早期的神经扳,大约发生于交配后14天2时20分。当胎胚发育到16天14时3分,神经沟两侧的神经皱逐渐在背中线吻合,形成神经管。神经管是胚体未来中抠神经系统的原基。交配后14天5时至16天14时5分,绒毛膜呈长囊状,长约35cm。卵黄管呈细长的管状,长约30cm。羊膜随胚体发育,比胚体稍宽大。尿囊呈半月形囊,发生于胚胎的后肠。     

Cytokinins in iris bulb-scales under flower-inducing conditions

Cytokinin activity was detected by means of the soybean callus test in the scales of Iris hollandica Hoog cultivar ‘Prof. Blaauw’ during the cold treatment for flower formation. A component of the biological activity extracted from the bulb scales coeluted with zeatin riboside when subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. It is suggested that the cytokinins in the scales may be involved in flower formation.