Responses of plant community to the linkages in plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands,China

Succession is one of the central themes of ecology;however,the relationship between aboveground plant communities and underground soils during secondary succession remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the composition of plant community,plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships during secondary succession after the abandonment of farmlands for 0,10,20,30,40 and 50 a in China,2016.Results showed that the composition of plant communities was most diverse in the farmlands after secondary succession for 20 and 50 a.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents slightly decreased after secondary succession for 30 a,but both were significantly higher than those of control farmland(31.21%-139.10%and 24.24%-121.21%,respectively).Moreover,C:N ratios of soil and microbe greatly contributed to the changes in plant community composition during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands,explaining 35.70%of the total variation.Particularly,soil C:N ratio was significantly and positively related with the Shannon-Wiener index.This study provides the evidence of synchronous evolution between plant community and soil during secondary succession and C:N ratio is an important linkage between them.     

向日葵筒状小花和瘦果性状与欧洲葵螟寄主选择的关系

为明确欧洲葵螟Homoeosoma nebulellum Denis et Schiffermüller寄主选择的物理机制,通过对14个向日葵品种（系）筒状小花及瘦果的形态指标观察,采用籽粒被害虫情指数进行田间寄主选择性试验,研究了向日葵的形态性状和欧洲葵螟寄主选择的关系。欧洲葵螟对不同向日葵品种（系）具有明显的选择性,且对食葵品种（系）的选择性均显著高于油葵品种（系）。食葵瘦果多为中长或长形（≥1.5 cm）,油葵瘦果则属于短或特短形（<1.5 cm）。向日葵各形态指标在不同品种（系）间均存在极显著差异,食葵的花盘直径、筒状小花开口、子房壁厚度、瘦果果壁厚度、瘦果果壁茸毛密度均大于油葵,且各指标与籽粒被害虫情指数之间、各指标互相之间也均呈显著正相关关系。表明选育较小花盘的向日葵品种（系）可减少葵螟对向日葵的为害。     

农药和植保类中华农业科技奖获奖成果概况

概述了中华农业科技奖的基本情况,对2006年以来中华农业科技奖获奖成果进行了汇总整理,并重点统计分析了农药和植保类获奖成果情况。     

天津市园林病虫害无公害防治及生态环境效益分析

研究天津市园林植物病虫害的无公害防治技术,比较分析无公害综合防治技术对保护本市生态环境所发挥的重要作用及所产生的生态环境效益,提出进行园林植物保护的无公害防治的系列技术与措施。此成果的应用推广,进一步推动本市园林病虫害的无公害可持续防治,并为天津市城市生态环境的改善做出重要贡献。     

汉中市野生兰科植物资源现状及保护开发策略

汉中市共分布野生兰科植物34属57种,分别占到陕西省的87.8%和68.3%,具有较高观赏价值的有兰属中的春兰和惠兰、独蒜兰属的独蒜兰,具有较高药用价值的有传统贵重中药天麻、白芨等。汉中市野生兰科植物总体资源量大、分布广,有着悠久的兰科植物栽培和开发利用历史,但近年来由于盗挖滥采现象较为严重,建议加强保护,建立野生兰科植物基因库,并加强人工栽培进行开发性的保护。     

药用植物地下害虫发生现状与无公害综合防治策略

近年来,药用植物地下害虫为害日益突出,严重降低中草药的产量和品质。由于地下害虫在土壤中活动,取食药用植物的地下部分,给防治带来很大的困难。同时,农药的过度使用也给中草药安全带来了隐患。本文对药用植物地下害虫的主要种类、为害特点、发生规律和防治中存在的问题进行了综述,重点阐述了不同药用植物上常见的地下害虫种类,并提出了相应的无公害综合防治措施。     

新疆塔里木盆地两河流域野生麻资源调查

麻具有药用、轻纺、保健、造纸、制作药烟、蜜源等多种经济价值.新疆塔里木盆地两河(叶尔羌河、塔里木河)流域是野生麻(大叶白麻Poacynum hendersonii、白麻P.pictum、罗布麻Apocynum venetum)的主要产区,其中大叶白麻分布广,面积大,储量多.按有关分类方法,将野生麻资源划分为6个群系12个群丛.野生麻分布面积23.56万hm2,有麻面积18.12万hm2,其中大叶白麻占99.51%;白麻占0.49%.鲜麻总产量59.35万t,折合干麻总产量24.41万t.为更好的利用野生麻资源,在对其种类、分布、面积、生物量调查的基础上,对麻的开发前景、野生麻田的保护管理及改良培育、人工麻田的建立、科技攻关5个方面提出了建议.     

普通大蓟马的研究进展

豇豆是海南地区重要冬季蔬菜种类之一,普通大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagrall)]是豇豆上的主要害虫,严重影响豇豆品质和产量,造成重大经济损失。本文概述了普通大蓟马的地理分布、鉴定方法、寄主与为害、生物学特性及其防治方法等,以期为普通大蓟马的有效防治提供参考。     

Aquatic dissipation of the herbicide triclopyr in Lake Minnetonka,Minnesota

A study of the aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt of triclopyr (3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was conducted in three bays of Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota. Triclopyr is under review by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a selective aquatic herbicide. The primary purpose of this study was to determine dissipation rates of the parent active ingredient, triclopyr, and its major metabolites, 3,5,6‐trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine (TMP) in selected matrices including water, sediment, plants, finfish and shellfish. Two 6.5‐ha plots dominated by the weedy species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L) were treated with triclopyr‐triethylammonum at a rate of 2.5 mg AE liter⁻¹ (2.5 ppm) on 21–23 June 1994. A third 6.5‐ha plot was established as an untreated reference. Water and sediment samples were collected from within the plots and at selected locations up to 1600 m outside of the plots through six weeks post‐treatment for chemical residue analysis. In addition, residue samples were collected from the target and non‐target plants and other non‐target matrices, including game and rough fish, clams and crayfish. All test animals were sequestered in cages located in the center of each plot and samples were collected through four weeks post‐treatment. Half‐lives for dissipation of triclopyr and TCP in water ranged from 3.7 to 4.7 days and from 4.2 to 7.9 days, respectively, with trace amounts of TMP found. Peak triclopyr sediment values ranged from 257 to 335 ng gram⁻¹, with a mean half‐life of 5.4 days, while peak TCP sediment levels ranged from 27 to 65 ng gram⁻¹ (mean half−life = 11.0 days). Trace levels of TMP were detected at one treatment site at one sampling event. Triclopyr and TCP accumulated and cleared from animal tissues proportionately to concentrations in the water (triclopyr dissipation half‐lives <11 days, TCP < 14 days). TMP levels were two to three times higher than those of the other compounds, particularly in visceral tissue. In all cases, residues of these compounds were higher in the inedible portions of the animals, and were usually higher in bottom‐feeding fish species. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性研究

以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的6个测定指数对艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,盐穗木、盐节木、白梭梭、梭梭和盐爪爪等物种有较高的重要值,草本的重要值较低。各群落类型的物种多样性指数的顺序为:白梭梭>胡杨>盐穗木>盐豆木>罗布麻>琵琶柴>花花柴>白刺>柽柳>白麻>芦苇>芨芨草>梭梭>骆驼刺>甘草>盐节木。