3个不同基因型新城疫病毒间的抗原同源性比较

分别以鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）基因Ⅱ型弱毒疫苗株LaSota、基因Ⅶ型鸡源野毒株Y98F9和基因Ⅵ型鸽源野毒株PB9601为灭活疫苗，制备相应的抗血清。将3株病毒分别与相应的抗血清做交叉血凝抑制试验（HI）和在细胞培养上做交叉病毒中和试验（VI）．以此比较3个基因型病毒间的抗原同源性关系。在交叉HI中，LaSota株与基因Ⅶ型的Y98F9株间的同源性为90．0％，而基因Ⅵ型的鸽源PB9601株与Y98F9株间的抗原同源性仅为74．2％，与LaSota株间的抗原同源性更低至65．2％。在交叉VI中，也表现出非常类似的同源性关系，LaSota株与Y98F9株间的同源性为90．1％，而鸽源PB9601株与Y98F9株间的同源性也仅为75％，与LaSota的同源性进一步低至65．8％。     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株猪体回归试验

选用35~38日龄的健康断奶仔猪21头,分3组,用2005四川分离株SSsc0501分别经静脉、肌肉注射和口服3种途径感染,进行猪体回归试验。肌肉注射组(含菌0.6×108个/mL)16 h开始出现症状,至36 h全部死亡,发病率、病死率均为100%;静脉注射组(含菌0.2×108个/mL)25 h开始出现症状,48 h内全部死亡,发病率和病死率均为100%;口服攻毒组(含菌2×108个/mL)90 h后开始有发病症状,第9天有1头死亡,发病率75%,病死率33%。从感染病死猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心血、大脑、脑脊液、淋巴结、肺脏和关节液中均分离到链球菌,经鉴定为试验攻毒的目的菌,表明猪体能够很好地用于猪链球菌2型动物感染模型,同时说明该菌侵害器官广泛,为进一步探讨该病的综合防制提供了重要技术依据。     

布尔山羊、关中奶山羊、陕南白山羊三品种杂交试验对比分析

利用陕南白山羊与关中奶山羊、布尔山羊三品种杂交试验,分别测定初生重、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄四个阶段的胸围、体长、体高和体重,将测定的各项指标分别与布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊的同阶段指标进行对比分析,结果表明,布关陕杂种羊在不同生长阶段的体重优于布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊。布关陕杂种羊的初生重比布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代、陕南白山羊分别提高18.8%、48.2%、66.2%;3月龄体重分别提高17.2%、28.1%、35.1%;6月龄体重分别提高17.7%、51.3%、65.6%;12月龄体重分别提高15.2%、52.3%、58.0%。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病的病原分离鉴定及血清学研究

通过细菌分离、动物试验、细菌学与血清抗体之间相互关系、温度与感染动物之间相互关系等分离一例奶牛布鲁氏菌。发现细菌学与血清抗体呈平行关系，试管凝集反应与补体结合反应存在一定差异，感染动物14天出现波浪热，持续到剖杀前(31天)。     

箭筈豌豆新品种DUS测试指南研制—测试性状评价和参照品种筛选

以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)制定的植物新品种DUS(distinctness, uniformity and stability)测试指南总则(TG/1/3)、箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南(TG/32/7)等技术文件为指导,对箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南的核心技术内容:测试性状和参照品种等开展了研究。在国内外共收集到51个箭筈豌豆品种,并进行连续2年的田间观测。观测性状总计31个,包括UPOV箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中的23个性状,以及本实验发现有特异性的8个新增性状。对每个测试性状的表达状态、观测时期、测定方法、观测数量等进行了分级和详尽描述。共筛选出32个参照品种(国际21个, 我国11个),确定了123个表达状态。并对UPOV 箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中“外种皮底色”和“种子形状”表达状态的分级进行了补充。本研究结果可为我国箭筈豌豆新品种 DUS 测试指南的制定奠定技术基础,对促进我国箭筈豌豆品种保护、审定和育种工作具有重要的意义。     

狐狸源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

本研究通过生物学特性、16S rRNA基因和4种等看家基因的序列测定与分析,对分离自北京动物园死亡狐狸病变组织的1株细菌进行鉴定,并对其进行小鼠致病力试验及药物敏感性试验。结果显示:该细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,培养特性、理化反应与维氏气单胞菌温和生物型基本相同;根据16S rRNA基因和dnaJ、rpoD、gyrB、cpn60等看家基因的系统进化及其同源性分析,确定所分离的细菌与维氏气单胞菌属于同一系统发育分支,各基因同源性最高分别为97.6%～99.9%。分离菌株对CD-1小鼠有较强的致病作用,其半数致死量为2.8×105cfu/只;对氧氟沙星、头孢他啶等14种抗菌药物敏感,对青霉素G、克林霉素等9种抗菌药物耐药。     

Schirmer tear tests and intraocular pressures in conscious and anesthetized koalas (Phascolarctus cinereus)

Objective To estimate mean Schirmer tear test (STT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) values in healthy koalas both conscious and anesthetized. Methods Data were gathered from koalas in Victoria, Australia. Conscious examinations were performed on captive koalas. Free‐ranging (wild) koalas were examined under anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced using alfaxalone, and animals were maintained on oxygen and isoflurane if required. All animals were healthy and had no surface ocular pathology detectable during slit lamp biomicroscopy. STT I tests were performed using commercial STT test strips placed in the lower fornix for 1 min. IOP was measured using an applanation tonometer after topical anesthesia. The higher value of the two eyes for both STT and IOP was analyzed. STT was measured in 53 koalas (34 conscious, 19 anesthetized) and IOP was measured in 43 koalas (30 conscious, 13 anesthetized). A two‐sample t‐test was used to compare means. A P‐value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Mean ± SD is presented. Results The mean higher STT in conscious koalas was 10.3 ± 3.6 mm wetting/min and in anesthetized koalas it decreased to 3.8 ± 4.0 mm wetting/min (P < 0.0001). The mean higher IOP in conscious koalas was 15.3 ± 5.1 mmHg, and in anesthetized koalas it was 13.8 ± 3.4 mmHg (P = 0.32). There was no effect of sex on either STT or IOP. Conclusions The mean and SD of STT and IOP values for koalas both conscious and anesthetized were reported. The mean STT was significantly reduced by alfaxalone anesthesia.     

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection following an abortion outbreak in a dairy cattle herd

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in a commercial dairy cattle herd, 15 months after detection of an abortion outbreak. PROCEDURE: Sera from the whole herd (n = 266) were examined for N caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoblot analysis. Herd records were reviewed to collate serological results with abortion history, proximity to calving, and pedigree data. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of N caninum infection was 24% (63/266) for IFAT titre > or = 160, 29% (78/266) for immunoblot positive (+ve), and 31% (82/266) for IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve; 94% (59/63) of animals with IFAT > or = 160 were immunoblot +ve. The association between seropositivity (IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve) and history of abortion was highly significant (P < 0.001); the seroprevalence was 86% (18/21) in aborting cows, compared with 30% (50/164) in non-aborting animals. The abortion rate for seropositive cows was 26% (18/68) compared with 3% (3/117) for seronegative animals. IFAT titres of infected cows were higher within 2 months of calving than at other times (P < 0.001). The association between seropositivity in dams and daughters was highly significant (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The abortions were associated with N caninum infection and there was evidence of reactivation of latent infection close to calving and congenital transmission of infection. Immunodominant antigens identified by immunoblots may prove useful for improved diagnostic tests.     

Italian University System has to Match Educational Needs in Adherence to European Standards and Professional Scenario

The effect of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a non-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium phlei was studied in bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) by measuring the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Group I, consisting of 15 healthy cows, served as the control, whereas groups II and III each contained 15 cows with subclinical mastitis on the basis of a positive reaction in the California mastitis test (CMT). The cows in group II received 100 microg of WSF in 5 ml sterile phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS) once only, while those in group III received 5 ml sterile PBS daily for 7 days, both treatments being given by the intramammary route. Observations were made up to 30 days after treatment (AT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas it ranged between 1 and 2 points in SCM. The somatic cell count (SCC) increased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 3, then fell steeply from day 7 up to day 30 AT in the cows in group II. A steady decrease in the total bacterial count (TBC) was observed in the group treated with WSF but the bacterial counts remained high in the groups treated with PBS. The mean acid phosphatase level was enhanced by 119% on day 3 AT in group II but only by 18.7% in the cows in group III. The mean myeloperoxidase level was enhanced by 100% in the cows in group II but only by 18% in those in group III on day 3 AT. This significant reduction in the bacterial load in infected cows caused by intramammary infusion of WSF may be due to activation of the microbicidal activity of the neutrophils, but this requires confirmation.     

黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的药效学研究

为了对黄连解毒散固体分散制剂进行药效学研究,采用致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株考察黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果,以仔猪为实验动物考察其临床药效。结果显示：黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果是普通散剂的2倍,临床治疗效果比普通散剂提高了30％。黄连解毒散固体分散制剂显著提高了黄连解毒散对猪大肠杆菌病的疗效。