用大肠杆菌K99和F41菌毛抗原检测牛血清抗体的琼脂扩散试验的研究

用含２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素的磷酸盐缓冲液以热处理方法提取的Ｋ９９和Ｆ４１菌毛作为抗原,对琼脂扩散试验方法进行研究。结果表明本试验方法简便,特异性强,敏感性高,可用于血清抗体检测;所制备的抗原稳定、重复性好。     

Investigation of the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Insulin and Adipokine Concentrations in Equine Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Dysregulation

High insulin concentrations are a common clinical feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and insulin dysregulation. Hyperinsulinemia can induce laminitis, so reduction of insulin concentrations in response to an oral challenge should decrease risk. In human studies, diets containing a polyphenol (resveratrol) led to improvements in insulin sensitivity. In rodents, the addition of leucine to a resveratrol supplement caused a decrease in the amount of resveratrol needed to achieve a clinical effect. We hypothesize a supplementation with a low dose of a synergistic polyphenol and amino acid blend including leucine (SPB+L) would improve metabolic health in EMS/insulin dysregulated horses. Fifteen EMS/ID horses received a high or low dose of SPB+ L daily for 6 weeks. Insulin during an oral sugar test (OST), body condition score, weight, baseline high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assessed before supplementation (PRE) and after supplementation (POST) via paired Student’s t-tests and a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance (significant at P < .05). There were no differences between doses. Horses in the POST group weighed significantly less, had significantly higher baseline HMW adiponectin concentrations, and had significantly lower insulin concentrations at 60- and 75-minute time points (P < .05). Insulin concentrations of the horsesin the POST group, but not in the PRE group, were lower and similar to results from the study conducted three years before the present study (PRIOR) for 0- and 60-minute time points (P < .002). An increased HMW adiponectin level supports increasing insulin sensitivity after supplementation. These results suggest that SPB + L supplementation at either dose leads to improvements in the clinical manifestations of EMS/insulin dysregulation, potentially reducing laminitis risk.     

两对新型单交蚕品种的繁育初报

蚕蛹雌雄鉴别技术人员缺乏、工作量大是目前蚕种生产面临的主要问题之一。利用性别控制技术,实现原种一方专养雌蚕,另一方专养雄蚕的新型单交蚕种生产模式,可免去杂交种生产中的雌雄鉴别环节,提高蚕种生产效率和杂交彻底率。经试繁,两对新型单交蚕品种"雌29×卵36"、"雌35×平28"繁育性能优良,其中"雌29×卵36"kg茧制种量较对照种"薪杭×白云"提高23.0%,"雌35×平28"kg茧产值较对照种"秋丰×白玉"提高15.68%。     

隐性乳房炎试验(CMT)及防治方案

[目的]为找出陕西地区奶牛隐型乳房炎的临界点。[方法]采用生产上常用的乳房炎诊断方法,通过间接测定乳中体细胞数来诊断乳房炎的发生。[结果]找出体细胞数在47.46万以上时才依次表现出弱阳性、阳性、强阳性的特征。[结论]从而依据以上结果制定出两种方案用于预防和治疗乳房炎的发生。     

雏鹅大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为有效防治雏鹅大肠杆菌病,试验无菌采集疑似大肠杆菌病例雏鹅的肝、脾等组织,进行病原菌的分离培养,经过培养特性、形态染色、生化特性以及致病性试验,鉴定为大肠杆菌。选用7种临床常用抗菌药物进行药敏试验,药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对庆大霉素、阿莫西林、氧氟沙星、头孢唑啉产生耐药性,对丁安卡娜高度敏感。试验结果为雏鹅大肠杆菌病的临床治疗提供依据。     

Isotype-specific antibodies in horses and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Classes of antibody bound to erythrocytes were determined using direct immunofluorescence (DIF) flow cytometry in 3 horses and 12 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Background levels of antibody binding were determined in samples from 12 horses and 12 dogs that were free of clinical disease. The range of nonspecific binding of a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-equine immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 19.9–36.7%, but was eliminated by the use of the F(ab)₂ fragment of FITC-conjugated goat anti-equine IgG. Background binding by other class-specific antibodies to equine and canine erythrocytes was negligible. The DIF results were compared to the direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test in 5 horses and 20 dogs with anemia. The former assay was more sensitive in dogs with IMHA than was the Coombs' test (100% versus 58%). In contrast, the Coombs' test had better specificity than the DIF assay (100% versus 87.5%, respectively). Using clinical parameters or response to therapy as the comparison, the positive and negative predictive values for the DIF test were 92% and 100% compared to the values of the Coombs' test of 100% and 62%. The DIF assay detected low levels of cells bound with antibody (<30%) in 5 dogs that were Coombs' test-negative. For both species, performance of the DIF test was independent of the prozone effect. Five dogs with IMHA had IgG and IgM on erythrocytes, 5 had IgG, and 2 had IgM. Three horses had surface-bound IgG, including a horse with suspected penicillin-induced IMHA, a foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis, and a foal with clostridial septicemia. The DIF method was valuable in monitoring the response to therapy in the foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis.     

硫酸链霉素细菌内毒素定量测定法的研究

应用鲎试剂动态浊度法，将硫酸链霉素制备成4、2、1、0．5mg／mL溶液，定量添加标准内毒素进行干扰预试验，计算回收率，确定不干扰浓度为0．5—2mg／mL。从中选出1mg／mL为最佳浓度，然后进行3个批次硫酸链霉素正式干扰试验。在供试品中定量添加标准内毒素，其回收率分别为125．8％、126．1％、127．3％，均在50％-200％之间，说明此浓度的供试品对鲎试剂反应无干扰作用。因此，内毒素含量在0．015—1EU／mL范围内，将硫酸链霉素制备成浓度为1．0mg／mL的溶液，可用于细菌内毒素的定量检测。     

Thyroid Hormone-disrupting Effects and the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay

There are continued concerns about endocrine-disrupting chemical effects, and appropriate vertebrate models for assessment of risk are a high priority. Frog tadpoles are very sensitive to environmental substances because of their habitat and the complex processes of metamorphosis regulated by the endocrine system, mainly thyroid hormones. During metamorphosis, marked alteration in hormonal factors occurs, as well as dramatic structural and functional changes in larval tissues. There are a variety of mechanisms determining thyroid hormone balance or disruption directly or indirectly. Direct-acting agents can cause changes in thyroxine synthesis and/or secretion in thyroid through effects on peroxidases, thyroidal iodide uptake, deiodinase, and proteolysis. At the same time, indirect action may result from biochemical processes such as sulfation, deiodination and glucuronidation. Because their potential to disrupt thyroid hormones has been identified as an important consideration for the regulation of chemicals, the OECD and the EPA have each established guidelines that make use of larval African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and frog metamorphosis for screening and testing of potential endocrine disrupters. The guidelines are based on evaluation of alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. One of the primary endpoints is thyroid gland histopathology. Others are mortality, developmental stage, hind limb length, snout-vent length and wet body weight. Regarding histopathological features, the guidelines include core criteria and additional qualitative parameters along with grading. Taking into account the difficulties in evaluating amphibian thyroid glands, which change continuously throughout metamorphosis, histopathological examination has been shown to be a very sensitive approach.     

胆翘注射液急性和亚慢性毒性试验

旨在评价胆翘注射液的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。以昆明小鼠为研究对象,进行急性和亚慢性毒性试验。在急性毒性试验中,给予小鼠不同浓度的胆翘注射液来测定胆翘注射液的半数致死量和最大耐受量;在亚慢性毒性试验中,小鼠以(10、5、2.5g/kg)不同剂量连续腹腔注射给药28d,在给药第28天观察小鼠的临床体征、体重及饲料利用率、血常规、血液生化指标和病理组织学变化。结果显示,急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均无死亡,无法测出LD_(50),最大耐受量为20g/kg。亚慢性毒性试验中用药组小鼠的临床体征、体重及饲料利用率、血常规、血液生化指标与空白组小鼠相比,无显著差异(P0.05),组织病理学观察,实质器官无异常病变。表明胆翘注射液实际无毒,安全性好。     

布尔山羊、关中奶山羊、陕南白山羊三品种杂交试验对比分析

利用陕南白山羊与关中奶山羊、布尔山羊三品种杂交试验,分别测定初生重、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄四个阶段的胸围、体长、体高和体重,将测定的各项指标分别与布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊的同阶段指标进行对比分析,结果表明,布关陕杂种羊在不同生长阶段的体重优于布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊。布关陕杂种羊的初生重比布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代、陕南白山羊分别提高18.8%、48.2%、66.2%;3月龄体重分别提高17.2%、28.1%、35.1%;6月龄体重分别提高17.7%、51.3%、65.6%;12月龄体重分别提高15.2%、52.3%、58.0%。