等重复试验农药残留函数模型研究

文中给出的等重复试验农药残留函数模型，具有模型的正规方程组不出现病态、模型的检验比较简单的特点。     

湖南省果园捕食性瓢虫的研究

１９８４～１９９０年对湖南省３９个县（市）果园捕食性瓢虫资源进行了调查，共获４９种，分属鞘翅目瓢虫科的６个亚科，３０个属。列出了名录，并研究了异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫两个优势种的主要生物学特性及低浓度化学农药对这两种瓢虫的影响。     

潜蝇姬小蜂研究概况

 介绍了斑潜蝇优势寄生蜂——潜蝇姬小蜂的生物学,在斑潜蝇防治中的应用及控害作用及农药对其的影响。     

SPE-HPLC测定黄瓜中除虫脲灭幼脲和杀铃脲的残留检测方法

采用固相萃取(SPE)和液相色谱(HPLC)相结合的方法对除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲在黄瓜中的残留检测条件进行了研究。结果表明,本法采用乙腈提取经盐析脱水后,取5.0mL稀释1倍直接上样,经甲醇洗脱后定容至4.0mL,摇匀后进液相色谱直接检测,方法简便易于操作。3种农药的最小检出浓度分别为0.0143mg·kg-1,0.0167mg·kg-1,0.020mg·kg-1,高浓度、中浓度和低浓度的平均添加回收率分别为95.11%～99.35%,94.00%～101.63%,101.65%～105.15%。变异系数分别为1.35%～1.84%,3.77%～6.09%,2.63%～8.09%。     

当前我省农业害虫化学防治面临的新问题及其对策

本文在调查研究的基础上,对湖南省农业害虫化学防治中药效明显下降的原因进行了分析,提出了解决这一问题的对策。     

SPE-UPLC-MS法同时检测乳制品中11种三嗪类除草剂的残留

优化固相萃取(SPE)条件,采用SPE前处理,结合超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS)检测乳制品中11种常用三嗪类除草剂,即西码津、莠去津、西草净、阿特拉津、仲丁通、扑灭通、莠灭净、扑灭津、特丁津、扑草净、特丁净的残留量.分析方法为:经过Varian Plexa SPE柱处理的乳制品,用Waters BEH C...     

Cross-enhancement of accelerated biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds in soils: Dependence on structural similarity of compounds

Rates of degradation of seven organophosphate nematicides and insecticides were examined in two soils known to show accelerated biodegradation of fenamiphos and one soil known to show accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The results indicated that several organophosphate insecticides and one nematicide were susceptible to cross-enhanced degradation in the soil showing accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. No cross-enhancement was observed in the two soils showing accelerated degradation of fenamiphos. Fumigation resulted in the complete inhibition of pesticide degradation in all soils. The data suggested that the cross-enhancement of selected pesticides in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil was dependent on the structural similarity of the compounds. Mechanisms of degradation of pesticide in soil support this hypothesis, where structurally similar compounds (diazinon, parathion, coumaphos and isazofos) were hydrolysed by microbial activity in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil but the degradation products were accumulated. Enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos was found to be stable in the laboratory condition for a period of one year.     

提取、纯化沉积物中有机磷农药和菊酯类农药的两种程序的比较

Two procedures were compared for extraction and clean-up of 20 organophosphorus and 19 pyrethroid pesticides in sediment to identify the more effective procedure for groups of pesticides or individual compounds. In Procedure Ⅰ, methanol/water and n-hexane were used for extraction, and 1:10 (v/v) dichloromethane in n-hexane and acetone were used as eluents for eluting the analyte through the cartridge, with one evaporating steps on a rotary evaporator and two eluting steps on the cartridge, n-hexane/acetone (2:1, v/v) was used for extraction and elution in Procedure Ⅱ with one evaporating step on a rotary evaporator and one eluting step on the cartridge. All extractions were performed under an ultrasonic bath and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were utilized for measurements. Procedure Ⅱ was developed as a rapid, timesaving, less costly and safer substitute for Procedure Ⅰ which was an old method. Procedure Ⅱ was more effective for almost all the organophosphorus pesticides tested and 11 of the 19 pyrethroid pesticides, while Procedure I was more appropriate for analysis of 5 pyrethroid pesticides. However, recoveries of most pyrethroid pesticides were fairly low. Thus, further studies should focus on adjustment and formulation of solvents for more efficient extraction and clean-up of pyrethroid pesticides from sediment samples.     

桉树枝瘿姬小蜂化学防治药剂的筛选

为寻求防治桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的有效药剂,有针对性地选取了7种常用药剂和3种混配剂进行林间药效试验。结果表明,所选的10组药剂对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂成虫、幼虫和蛹均具有不同程度的控制作用,除毒死蜱外,其他药剂处理后虫瘿数(药后30 d)和羽化孔数(药后40 d)均与清水对照差异显著。依据虫瘿减退率和羽化孔减退率指标,16%虫线清乳油是防治桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的理想药剂,药后30 d的虫瘿减退率和药后40 d的羽化孔减退率分别为83.37%和83.57%,其如果能与2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油混配使用,防治效果会更显著,说明不同作用机制的杀虫剂混合使用具有明显的增效作用。