Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.     

基于晶闸管软起动的三相异步电动机的研究

文章论述了利用改变晶闸管的触发角来调节异步电动机定子两端电压,进而改变电机的转速和定子电流的软起动的原理。这种软起动方式结构简单,性能好,调试容易,对于要求不高的风机、泵类负载非常适用。     

汽油发动机进排气凸轮匹配对性能影响分析及试验研究

以小排量汽油机作为性能提升开发分析及试验研究对象,主要从小排量汽油发动机的进、排配气机构方面进行方案的研究与讨论并提出了优化方案试验结果表明,在满足发动机裸机排放标准的前提下,该方案既能使发动机性能得到大幅提升,又能使怠速稳定性得到良好改善。     

颗粒状秸秆物料流动特性试验

以华北地区8种农作物秸秆为研究对象,通过颗粒状秸秆静态堆积角、压缩率、均匀度、抹刀角4个指标测试,采用Carr指数法及内摩擦角评价分析了各种颗粒状秸秆物料的流动特性。结果表明,通过Carr指数法得分可以反映颗粒状秸秆流动性的变化规律,得分越高,流动性越好;8种秸秆分为易于流动(如玉米芯)、一般流动(如玉米秸秆)、不易流动(如豆秸)3类,该结果与采用内摩擦角评价原料的流动特性基本一致。     

茶叶加工过程中的物理特性变化规律

为了探讨茶叶加工过程中物理参数的变化规律,以春季茶叶为试验材料,分别采用103°恒重法、量筒法、仪器法、注入法和斜面法,研究探讨鲜叶、萎凋叶、杀青叶、揉捻叶、作形茶及成品茶的含水率、容重、孔隙率和休止角,以及茶叶与不同茶机材料静摩擦角的变化规律。研究结果表明,绿茶在加工过程中含水率从73.7%一直下降到4.2%,作形过程中含水率下降最显著,揉捻过程中含水率下降最少;绿茶加工过程中成品茶容重最大,鲜叶容重最小,各加工阶段茶叶的容重变化范围为74.5～210.3kg/m3;鲜叶的孔隙率最大,揉捻叶的孔隙率最小,茶叶在制品的孔隙率在0.696～0.732之间变化;在整个茶叶加工过程中,休止角都在50°～60°之间变化;茶叶在铝板上的静摩擦角最大,浸胶帆布带上的次之,而在铜板、镀锌钢、不锈钢和普通钢板上则相差不大,在所有茶机材料上,作形之后茶叶的静摩擦角最小。     

河道型水库干支流交汇段水力特性数值分析

以典型河道型水库库区主流与支流交汇段几何尺寸与来流条件为参照,建立了三维概化数学模型并开展多情景数值分析,以揭示不同交汇角对干支流交汇段关键水力特性变化的影响.重点研究了交汇角α分别为30°,60°,90°,120°,150°的5种工况,计算结果表明:在不同交汇角条件下均存在紊动能高值集中区域,且紊动能与交汇角大小存在正相关关系,即随着交汇角增大,紊动能峰值区域的面积及峰值大小显著增大;不同交汇角条件下床面切应力最大值均由交汇口向支流上游沿程递减,而当α<90°时断面流速变异系数沿程先增大后减小,当α≥90°时断面流速变异系数沿程减小;另外,当α<90°时,床面切应力和断面流速变异系数与交汇角大小存在负相关关系,而当α≥90°时,这2个特性指标随着交汇角增大而递增.     

Effect of subcritical hydrophobicity in a sandy soil on water infiltration and mobile water content

Recent research shows that most soils are more or less water repellent. Already subcritical water repellency may cause incomplete soil wetting and preferential flow. Both processes potentially reduce the residence time of water and solutes in the vadose zone, resulting in an enhanced risk of groundwater contamination. The objective of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of reduced soil wettability on the soil water infiltration rate and to investigate the tendency towards preferential flow with the analysis of the immobile water content in the infiltration zone. In november 2002, a field experiment was done in a coniferous forest, 30 km N of Hannover, Germany. Soil hydrophobicity was quantified by measuring the contact angles. The hydraulic conductivity of the podsolic sandy soil was measured depth‐dependent with a double‐ring tension infiltrometer in three soil horizons. To quantify possible preferential‐flow effects, a LiBr‐Tracer was added to the infiltrating water to evaluate the mobile water‐content fraction after infiltration. Additionally, infiltration rates of water were compared with infiltration rates of ethanol which were determined after water infiltration at the same locations. Results show that the actual water repellency of field‐moist soil was mainly subcritical (contact angle <90°). Water infiltration rates were reduced due to subcritical repellency by a factor of 3–170 compared with ethanol infiltration rates (exclusion of wetting effects). This spatially variable infiltration behavior was not clearly reflected neither by the small‐scale contact‐angle measurements nor by the analysis of the average immobile soil water content in the infiltration zone. We conclude that this specific infiltration behavior of water caused by small‐scale wettability effects may temporarily reduce the local connectivity of water‐flow pathways.     

Effect of Water Status on Leaf Angle and Leaf Movement in Wheat

Water stress was imposed by watering withholding or application of PEG during the period following ligule emergence of Hag leaves or fifth leaves. Treatment reduced markedly the downward rotation of these youngest fully expanded leaves, and the angle finally reached. Leaf angle changes appear to be sensitive indicators of water shortage in wheat.     

基于土壤微波辐射布儒斯特角反演土壤含水率

在利用被动微波遥感技术进行裸露地表土壤含水率（Soil Moisture Content,SMC）的反演中,土壤粗糙度是制约反演精度的最关键因素。该研究利用改进的积分方程模型（Advanced Integral Equation Model,AIEM）进行地表多角度微波发射率的模拟,探索地表微波辐射多角度信息用于提高地表SMC反演精度的可行性。基于不同SMC和不同粗糙度地表多角度V极化发射率数据的变化趋势提取土壤介质布儒斯特角,结果表明,土壤布儒斯特角对SMC具有较高的敏感性,C波段（6.6 GHz）不同含水率土壤的布儒斯特角分布在60°～80°范围内。基于AIEM模拟数据的分析发现,土壤布儒斯特角正切值与SMC具有较好的线性关系,线性拟合决定系数为0.94,均方根误差为0.027 cm3/cm3,并得到了基于布儒斯特角的裸露地表SMC反演算法。基于模拟数据的算法验证结果表明,算法的SMC预测值与理论值的决定系数为0.95,均方根误差为0.024 cm3/cm3。算法在不同土壤粗糙度自相关函数下均表现出稳健的特性,SMC预测精度最大均方根误差为0.027 cm3/cm3,最小为0.023 cm3/cm3。基于布儒斯特角的SMC反演算法利用的是多角度土壤发射率的相对变化而非其绝对数值,该研究为SMC的多角度被动微波遥感提供了一种不同的研究思路。     

植物叶片润湿性特征的初步研究

植物叶片的润湿性表现了叶片对水的亲和能力,叶片上润湿的一层水膜对植物的光合作用、叶片截流降水有重要的影响.测定了陕西省境内34种植物叶片对水的接触角,初步探讨了叶片润湿性的一些特征.所研究植物叶片正面的接触角为O°～140°,平均85.4°.接触角大于95°不润湿的植物占到测定总数的31.4%;小于85°润湿植物中占到51%以上;而介于润湿与不润湿之间的物种占17.1%.叶片的正面和背面的润湿性具有一定水平的差异.叶面角质与腊质的比例对润湿性有重要的影响.叶片上附属物的多少也会对润湿性产生影响,附属物愈多,润湿性愈差;人为去除附属物可以极大地增加叶片的润湿性能.植物叶片上的气孔和叶脉通过影响叶片的粗糙程度来影响叶片的湿润性.