Tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths

In Burkina Faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% CI: 73, 89) for G. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for G. palpalis.

The in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full spraying with a 0.005% alphacypermethrin (Dominex, FMC, Philadelphia, USA) formulation (250 mL versus 2 L). The proportions of knocked-down flies were the same with footbath and full spray but the latter was more protective against fly bites. In field use, the efficacy of both methods should be similar given the recommended treatment frequency: 3 days for footbath versus 7 days for full spray.

Among 96 cattle drinking at the same water point in Dafinso (Burkina Faso), 68 (71%) were treated with a footbath containing a 0.005% deltamethrin formulation (Vectocid, CEVA SA, Libourne, France). We observed the effect of this live-bait technique on the one hand on released cohorts of reared, irradiated flies, and on the other hand on wild tsetse flies. In both cases, the footbath treatment was associated with a reduction of the apparent fly density probably related to an increased mortality.     

利用苹果加工下脚料生产膳食纤维的研究

主要研究利用苹果加工后的下脚料生产膳食纤维的工艺流程、操作要点、产品质量标准及综合利用效益。     

An Improved Method of the Transient Waveform Analysis in Power Systems

The angular frequency and decaying constant of each copmonect for the transient waveform in power systems were obtained by using the discrete Fourier transform; the amplitude and phase angle were calculated in the linear curve fitting method. And all of the parameters obtained above were treated in an unified optimization by using the curve fitting optimization of the least square method of general nonlinear funcrion so as to get the results of waveform analysis. Two examples are included.     

Analysis and FEM Simulation of the Forming Process of Front Bumper Bracket

The processing characteristics of the front bumper bracket are analyzed,and a reasonable process scheme is worked out.The three-dimensional sheet metal forming analysis software PAM-STAMP are adopted to simulate the bracket's drawing process.Then the surface of die is proved fine through analyzing the FLD diagrams and the forming results.An economical and optimized die structure is decided,and a complete set of dies of the bracket is designed.The spacing block is added in the sizing mold,which control the size precision of end products and assembling columns actively,and finally the certified products.The material utility and the labor productivity are raised,the production cost is saved,and the mold design quality and the efficiency are improved effectively.     

Analysis on Limitation of Present Urban Planning in China

In urban design, only by continuous and dynamic research work from design to finally putting it into practice, can we made good control on city appearance. This article analyzes nowadays defects in our urban design from two aspects as the result establishment and validated control, and tries to conceive a feasibility plan to solve the problem.     

Reinforcement Treatment on the Uneven Subsidence of Foundation

There are several methods to cope with the common problem of the uneven subsidence of foundation. The reason for uneven settlement of foundation of the frame structure was analyzed in this paper. Considering the limitation of the construction site and the principle of consolidation, a feasible reinforcement measure was taken. Meanwhile, a practical construction pattern was chosen upon the comparison of the reinforcement technology analysis and the construction method. The observation of the settlement result after consolidation of the structure shows that the result of this reinforcement treatment pattern is effective.     

Feasibility for Building the Under-ground Sewage Treatment Plant in Chongqing City

With the development of the economy, the demand forhabitation is enhanced and the sewage and industrial waster water must be disposed before outlet. Today, most of the sewage treatment plants are built on the aboveground without discussing the underground. Therefore, by the comparative analysis of the property and cost of the underground sewage treatment plant and the ground, the underground sewage treatment plant have merits in save the city land and improvement environment.The Chongqing citypossess a lot of advantages in using the space of underground with the analysis of the physiognomy and geology condition of the Chongqing city. Therefore, the development of underground sewage treatment plant is feasible in the Chongqing city.     

AMETHOD OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION TO DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

In view of the complication of compreliensive evaluation to development projectplanning alternatives,an AHP model for comprehensive evaluation to the alternatives is advanced,the way of determinating the weight of each index affecting the aIternatives' quality is expounded,and the general methods of evaluating the alternatives with the indexes are given.     

Design of Distributed Monitoring System of Wastewater Treatment Process

Based on introducing fieldbus and fieldbus control system, in this paper, a distributed monitoring system for city wastewater treatment network based on LonWorks is given, the construction, function and character of this network are analyzed.