南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

青蒿素及其衍生物抗寄生虫的研究进展

本文介绍了青蒿素及其衍生物的基本研究状况和它们抗寄生虫病的研究进展，青蒿素及其衍生物主要的抗寄生虫作用表现为抗疟原虫和抗血吸虫，它们抗弓形虫、卡氏肺孢子虫、犬附红细胞体和球虫的作用也较强，对其进一步的研制和开发具有广阔的前号：     

Tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths

In Burkina Faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% CI: 73, 89) for G. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for G. palpalis.

The in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full spraying with a 0.005% alphacypermethrin (Dominex, FMC, Philadelphia, USA) formulation (250 mL versus 2 L). The proportions of knocked-down flies were the same with footbath and full spray but the latter was more protective against fly bites. In field use, the efficacy of both methods should be similar given the recommended treatment frequency: 3 days for footbath versus 7 days for full spray.

Among 96 cattle drinking at the same water point in Dafinso (Burkina Faso), 68 (71%) were treated with a footbath containing a 0.005% deltamethrin formulation (Vectocid, CEVA SA, Libourne, France). We observed the effect of this live-bait technique on the one hand on released cohorts of reared, irradiated flies, and on the other hand on wild tsetse flies. In both cases, the footbath treatment was associated with a reduction of the apparent fly density probably related to an increased mortality.     

不同热处理DDGS蛋白质营养价值及瘤胃降解特性与其分子结构的相关性研究

试验旨在研究不同热处理干酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)蛋白质化学成分、康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)组分、瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率与蛋白质分子结构的相关性。采用CNCPS、尼龙袋技术及三步体外法对不同热处理的DDGS营养价值进行评定,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析蛋白质分子结构的变化,进而探求它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:加热使DDGS瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率降低,使小肠可消化蛋白增加;不同热处理对DDGS蛋白质分子结构均有显著影响(P<0.05);蛋白质分子结构中的酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅱ带的峰高和峰面积、酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带峰高和峰面积的比值与DDGS中蛋白质的营养价值、瘤胃降解参数及小肠消化率存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。可见,不同热处理对DDGS蛋白质分子结构、营养价值和瘤胃降解特性及小肠消化率均有影响,DDGS中蛋白质分子结构可以有效地估测蛋白质营养特性,并可利用FTIR光谱技术对DDGS营养价值及加热程度进行评定。     

一起奶牛产前截瘫症的治疗

奶牛的产前截瘫多发于3～5胎怀孕中、后期的怀孕母牛和年老、衰弱、营养不均衡的怀孕母牛,主要是患牛血中钙、磷浓度急剧下降引起的运动机能障碍的一种疾病;此病的主要特点是患牛病初不能久站、交替踏步、最后发展到全身无力、卧地不起、口无烂苹果味、不昏睡、有强烈的站立意识。     

浅谈发酵床养猪工艺特点及与传统集约化养猪工艺比较

作者综述了发酵床养猪工艺的起源、特点,并与传统集约化养猪工艺进行了比较,为研究和使用发酵床养猪工艺提供一些参考。     

Assessment of quality of life in equine patients

Reasons for performing study: Assessing patients' quality of life (QOL) is a core part of clinical decision making. Various methodologies for assessing patients' QOL have been developed in human medicine and small animal veterinary disciplines. In contrast, the lack of aids for QOL assessment in equine veterinary practice leaves practitioners reliant on subjective assessments of QOL, which may be prone to avoidable errors. Objectives: This paper suggests pragmatic ways in which QOL may be enhanced, while remaining appropriate for the time, financial and owner‐based constraints within equine practice. Methods: Through interdisciplinary research, this paper identifies, adapts and applies insights from several areas of research and practical experience in order to develop an overarching approach to making QOL‐based decisions in clinical cases. Results: The paper identifies 6 steps involved in QOL‐based decision making and provides examples of how these steps may be practically applied. These include deciding what each clinician feels is important; deciding how to evaluate it, including taking owners' views into consideration; making decisions about each case and achieving the desired clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Practitioners can draw their own conclusions on how they may improve QOL assessment in practice and may usefully share these with colleagues. Reporting cases and sharing practical examples of QOL tools used on the ground are vital to the development of this field and appropriate methodologies. Potential relevance: Improvements in QOL assessment are relevant to all areas of equine veterinary practice, and several areas of research. Further research may develop QOL assessment in practice, but more important are the personal improvements that each practitioner may achieve. See also correspondence by Grove     

电针配合药物治疗犬椎间盘突出

近年来,犬椎间盘突出症在宠物临床上越发的常见。由于本病的发病原因较为复杂、发病过程多为慢性,在诊断时难于判断,同时在治疗时以手术疗法为主治愈率较低。临床实践表明应用电针配合药物对该病进行治疗,治愈率大大提高。作者对犬椎间盘突出的病因与诊断进行了阐述,并说明了电针复合药物对该病的治疗机理,为该病的诊断提供系统的理论指导,为电针配合药物治疗方案的推广打下坚实的基础。     

匹莫苯丹的合成工艺研究进展

匹莫苯丹是国家二类新兽药。但由于该药的原料药成本较高,不易合成,反应步骤多而限制了该药物的临床普遍应用。因此,进行了对匹莫苯丹合成工艺的调查,概述了近年来国内外关于匹莫苯丹的10个合成方法。主要包括以氯苯、乙酰苯胺、对氯苯甲醛、3-(4-乙酰胺基苯甲酰基)-丁腈、邻苯二乙酸二铵和5-(2-溴代丙酰基)-1,3-2H-苯丙[d]咪唑-2-酮为起始原料合成制备匹莫苯丹,并分析了这些合成方法中存在的问题,还考察了匹莫苯丹副产物的产生和解决办法,为其工业化合成研究提供参考。     

牧草叶绿素衍生物植烷酸对动物机体的影响

牧草中含有大量的叶绿素,而牧草不同的生长期、收获期、贮藏条件和加工方式都影响着叶绿素的含量。叶绿素在被反刍动物采食后代谢为叶绿醇、降植烷酸和植烷酸,适当浓度的植烷酸可以提高糖类和脂类的代谢,增加脂肪酸氧化饲喂相关基因表达,诱导棕色脂肪细胞分化。植烷酸进入动物机体后对神经系统和免疫系统有积极作用,如减少致畸率等。本文对牧草中叶绿素植烷酸的结构、代谢过程,及其对动物机体的影响和未来发展方向进行了综述。