新型水处理剂高铁酸钾的制备及应用研究

指出了高铁酸钾是一种集氧化、吸附、絮凝、助凝、杀菌、除臭为一体的新型高效多功能水处理剂,阐述了高铁酸钾的制备、特性以及在污水处理中的应用特点,对其反应机理进行了探讨,展望了研究其高效、低耗、联用技术的十分广阔的开发前景。     

Effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Tamarindus indica: a multi-purpose tree species in Bangladesh

We investigated the morphology and germination of Tamarindus indica seeds in order to discover the effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on germination. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Seeds were collected from different but healthy trees from various locations in Bangladesh and subjected to four pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control, immersion in cold water (4°C for 24 h), immersion in hot water (80°C for 10 min) and scarification with sand paper. Seed germination was carried out in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in the ratio of 3:1. The average length of the fresh seeds was 1.35±0.26 cm, their width 1.07 ±0.20 cm and thickness 0.69±0.11 cm. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the germination process of seeds, which significantly increased the germination percentage with the cold water (81.67%) and scarification with sand paper (82.33%) treatments, compared with those in the control (58.33%) and hot water treatment (59.00%). In all treatments germination started on average within 5 to 7 days after the start of the treatments and were completed from 13 to 19 days later. The greatest success in germination (82.33%) was found in scarification with sand paper, followed with 81.67% in the cold water treatment. The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination closing dates, seed germination periods and germination percentages among the treatments but no significant difference among seed sources. However, the effect of the interaction between seed source variation and pre-treatment differed significantly in seed germination closing dates and germination percentages. We recommend cold water treatment (submersion of seed at a temperature of 4°C for a 24-h period) for seed germination of T. indica in rural Bangladesh.     

人工湿地系统的除污机理及影响因素探讨

人工湿地作为一种新型的污水处理实用新技术,正受到人们越来越多的关注.本文详尽地介绍了人工湿地的除污机理,分别就该工艺中氧的变化特性,对有机物、N、P 的去除机理及湿地中微生物的特征作了阐述,简要分析了影响人工湿地净化效果的主要因素,从而为该技术的推广提供理论参考.     

沼液的园林地消解处理利用及其对土壤微生物碳、氮与酶活性的影响

近年来,沼气工程发展迅猛,产生的大量沼液处理和排放问题日益突出,成为水环境保护中亟待解决的关键问题。为研究沼液灌溉园林地土壤进行消解处理利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮及酶活的影响,提出沼液安全排放处理的新途径,通过在江苏宜兴万石镇葡萄园基地进行大田试验,比较了不同处理下沼液消解利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮以及土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳的关系,并测定了土壤几种常见酶的活性。结果表明,沼液园林地（葡萄园）消解利用过程不会降低土壤微生物碳、氮含量,地面间作黑麦草或地下安装排水管道时能显著提高土壤微生物碳、氮含量,分别提高8.70%和17.34%。沼液园林地消解利用能提高土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳比率,但未达到显著性水平。沼液在园林地消解利用中,只进行沼液灌溉的处理区土壤蔗糖酶活性略微下降,其他试验区土壤蔗糖酶含量较对照区显著性提高,试验区土壤脲酶也较对照区提高了数倍以上,但土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶在该试验研究中未表现出较大变化。该试验仅为沼液消解处理利用的田间短期效应,沼液园林地消解利用处理对作物品质、土壤肥力和农业生产环境的综合影响仍需进行长期试验验证。     

Lethal concentration of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil for Dolops discoidalis and Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Argulidae)

This study investigated the acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus for adult Argulus sp. and Dolops discoidalis, before and during oviposition. In vitro acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) was tested using 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/L of C. citratus essential oil, and two control groups (one with cultivation tank water and one with cultivation tank water + alcohol) were used. Specimens of Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis submitted to acute toxicity were evaluated using histological procedures. The major chemical compounds of C. citratus essential oil were geranial (47.5%), neral (35.6%) and myrcene (6.7%). The LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. adults was 67.97 μg/L, while for D. discoidalis it was 59.55 µg/L. In the oviposition of both species of argulids, maximum mortality began with treatments of 140 μg/L, while the LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis was 83.98 μg/L and 82.48 μg/L, respectively. In both argulid species exposed to C. citratus essential oil, morphological alterations were observed only in the eyes, and they occurred in the ommatidium and rhabdomeres and were dependent on the concentration of C. citratus essential oil and the parasite species.     

广西工厂化循环水养殖石斑鱼水质处理效果

通过集成海水养鱼、生化处理、设施工程、环境工程、电器自控和水质监控等技术,建立一套适合广西地区应用的工厂化循环水石斑鱼养殖系统。该养殖系统处理流程为:鱼池→沉淀池→蛋白质分离器→生物滤池→海马齿浮床→紫外杀菌,生物滤池包括A、B、C三个通道,A、B通道均由珊瑚石作为一、二级生物过滤和生化球作为三级过滤,C通道由珊瑚石作为一级过滤和椰子壳碎作为二、三级过滤。结果显示:沉淀池处理可以显著降低鱼池的COD,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐的质量浓度(P<0.05);经海马齿浮床系统处理后,硝酸盐氮质量浓度显著低于沉淀池、蛋白质分离器处理池、生物滤池A、B通道(P<0.05);整体上,C通道水质指标略低于A、B通道,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。该研究结果可为广西沿海发展循环水养殖技术以及养殖生产方式转变提供可靠的科学数据和技术参考。     

原位生物处理技术改善城市断头河水质研究

在水网密布、河涌众多的地区,存在着大量断头河道和盲肠河道,因无水源补给、水体长期滞留,大多呈富营养化状态,生态环境及景观功能丧失。以扬州市断头河富营养化水体净化为例,设计了人工曝气、生态净水砖和生物浮床等原位生物处理技术。工程效果显示：对COD的平均去除率为45%,去除范围35%～56%;对NH3-N的平均去除率为33%,去除范围17%～44%;对TN的平均去除率为28%,去除范围15%～39%;对TP的平均去除率为35%,去除范围25%～44%。说明原位生物处理技术对改善城市断头河富营养化水体水质效果显著。     

粉煤灰在土壤改良和污染治理中研究进展

从粉煤灰理化性质出发,综述了国内外对粉煤灰在土壤改良和污染治理方面的应用。粉煤灰作为土壤改良剂,可以增加土壤容重,提高土壤持水性能和保温能力,调节土壤pH,改善土壤营养状况。在污染治理方面,粉煤灰主要应用于废水处理、重金属钝化和废气滤除。最后,指出粉煤灰在土壤改良和污染治理方面存在的问题和对策。     

6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂防治甘蓝蜗牛药效试验

进行6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂防治甘蓝蜗牛的药效对比试验,结果表明:6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂对甘蓝蜗牛具有良好的防治效果。在甘蓝蜗牛发生初期每667 m2施用6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g、600 g 1次,药后5 d的防效为94.96%和91.28%,高于6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂450 g及对照药剂6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂。6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g药后10 d的防效仍可高达95.04%。生产上建议在甘蓝蜗牛发生初期,每667 m2使用6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g进行防治。