成团泛菌对玉米自交系PS056致病性基因yhfK的克隆

 【目的】通过克隆和鉴定成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)的致病相关基因,阐明该种土壤习居细菌在玉米自交系PS056上引起细菌性干茎腐病的原因。【方法】利用转座子Tn5的随机插入突变特点,构建致病性菌株P. agglomerans XJ1突变体库;经对Tn5插入位点的侧翼扩增,确认突变体PA121的致病力相关基因;通过基因互补试验,证明yhfK与致病力的关系。【结果】通过对突变菌株的接种筛选,获得11个致病力丧失的突变体。Southern杂交和PCR扩增结果表明,Tn5在突变体PA121中为单拷贝插入,插入位点为细菌编码内膜蛋白的yhfK(Tn5 插入在yhfK的1 082 bp处)。将yhfK克隆到质粒pBBR1MCS上,并导入突变体PA121中进行互补,生物测定结果显示转化子完全恢复了正常的细菌生理功能,并能够在玉米自交系PS056上恢复致病力。RT-PCR试验证明,yhfK调控hrpA的转录。【结论】 成团泛菌XJ1中yhfK是调控其对植物致病性的基因之一,具有在玉米自交系PS056上引起细菌性干茎腐病的功能。     

农杆菌介导Ds转座因子的黄瓜遗传转化

以黄瓜品种"中农15"子叶外植体为试料,绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因为报告基因,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法将构建的激活表达标签pDsBar导入黄瓜,获得转基因黄瓜群体,对转化群体进行GFP基因活性及分子检测。结果表明,GFP已经整合到黄瓜基因组中;以Bar基因设计引物进行PCR检测表明,阳性率为72.3%;通过Southern杂交分析,发现26.0%为1个插入位点,51.0%为2个插入位点,T-DNA在基因组中的平均拷贝数为2.2个。     

玉米重要农艺性状和产量性状插入突变体的筛选

通过对玉米C型胞质雄性不育的两个恢复系Cms-El 87-1(Rf4Rf4),Cms-C 6233(Rf5Rf5)与3个转座子材料杂交的F1群体进行田间鉴定,在74 549株的F1群体中找到表型明显的插入突变体329个,涉及到的性状有玉米C型胞质雄性不育的育性恢复、穗分化、穗部性状、子粒性状以及植株矮化、叶片宽窄、叶皱等农艺性状的突变体,这些突变体的获得为玉米重要农艺性状候选基因的克隆提供了基础材料.     

紫糯玉米遗传与育种探析

概述了紫糯玉米的遗传与育种研究现状,包括玉米籽粒色素的分布与遗传、紫糯玉米色素遗传与转座子、市场需求与紫糯玉米的遗传、紫糯玉米育种方法以及花糯玉米形成的原因等内容,对市场开拓各色品种寄予瞻望,同时指出紫糯玉米的育种方法是值得研究的课题。     

Rapid dispersion of escaped meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from a coastal Mediterranean fish farm

Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is an emerging species in aquaculture considered a locally absent species in the Western Mediterranean. Little is known about meagre escape incidents from farms. To evaluate escape impacts and develop mitigation measures, knowledge about the behaviour of escaped meagre is necessary. In this study, a rapid dispersion of escaped meagre was observed following a simulated escape incident in a coastal Mediterranean farm, using acoustic telemetry (acoustic tag: AT) and mark‐and‐recapture techniques (external tag: ET). A small proportion of AT meagre (22.7%) remained within the farm boundaries 24 h after the simulated escape. A total of 84 meagre (9.2%) were captured by local trammel netters nearby the farm facility within the first 48 h after escape. Only two AT individuals (15.3%) were detected by acoustic receivers located in coastal areas within 2 days after dispersal from the farm and eight ET meagre (0.8%) were recaptured along the shoreline during the first week. Two AT individuals (15.3%) were considered to be dead by predation few hours after escape. The rest of the AT individuals (N = 6, 46.2%) left the facility alive, and they were never detected by receivers nor reported back by fishermen. Thus, our results highlight the necessity of establishing escape mitigation strategies at Mediterranean fish farms, i.e. recapture programmes 24–48 h after the escape incident in collaboration with local fishermen, to diminish potential impacts related to meagre escapees.     

Migration and spawning behavior of the greater amberjack Seriola dumerili in eastern Taiwan

Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is an important fishery resource with a circumglobal distribution from tropical to temperate waters. Here, we investigated the spawning migration and habitat utilization of S. dumerili in the East China Sea (ECS). Archival tags were attached to 22 adult fish to examine their horizontal and vertical movements and estimate the spawning ground. S. dumerili were captured and released in the coastal waters of eastern Taiwan on November of 2016 and 2017. Information from seven pop-up satellite archival tags and seven depth–temperature recorders was recovered. Almost all of the fish stayed in the Taiwanese exclusive economic zone. Most individuals moved from released site to the southern edge of the ECS and showed behavior associated with the topographic features in winter (November to December). These phenomena may be related to foraging and be driven by oceanographic features such as the seasonal monsoon and the Kuroshio. The fish then migrated to the south offshore area of Taiwan in January and February. During their southward migration, the fish experienced a slowly elevated water temperature regime (SETR), which is one of the environmental factors that induce final oocyte maturation. In the spawning season (February to April), tagged females exhibited continuous diel vertical movements (DVMs) after experiencing the SETR. These continuous DVMs were observed over a wide geographic range from north to south in the Kuroshio off eastern Taiwan. Our study demonstrated that the putative spawning ground of S. dumerili must extend further in a north–south direction than predicted in a previous study.     

几种标志方法在渔业资源增殖放流中的应用效果

本文简要介绍了在国内外渔业资源增殖放流中通常使用的几种标志技术和方法.同时,阐述了我国在挂牌标志法、切鳍法、荧光标记法、金属线码标记法、分离式卫星标志法和生物标志法等多种标志方法的实际应用状况,分析比较了近年来在东海区增殖放流中传统标志方法和国外引进的先进标志方法的标志效果,文中最后分析探讨了今后标志技术的改进方向和应用前景.     

大亚湾黑鲷标志放流及回捕率调查

为评价大亚湾海域黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)增殖放流效果,使用塑料椭圆标志牌(plasticovaltags,POTs),开展了黑鲷幼鱼标志保持率与生长实验。结果显示,背鳍鳍棘基部第4～6鳍棘下方5mm左右的背部肌肉为最适标志位置, 90 d后标志保持率为81.76%。POTs标志黑鲷幼鱼45 d内生长与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而90 d后标志组生长显著缓于对照组(P<0.05)。并于2014—2016年每年1次在大亚湾开展黑鲷幼鱼标志放流试验。采用有奖回收方式进行标志鱼回捕,测量体长、体重,收集回捕日期、回捕地点、回捕方式等信息,整理分析相关数据。3年共放流标志黑鲷幼鱼60115尾,共2758尾回捕标志鱼被定置网、流刺网及垂钓捕获(总回捕率4.59%);大规格放流苗种回捕率高于小规格放流苗种;垂钓回捕鱼数量占总回捕数量的比例为62.08%。通过对反馈信息的分析,认为放流后的标志鱼最初主要沿湾内和湾外两个方向呈近岸辐射状扩散,最远扩散距离约70 km。放流后1～2个月标志黑鲷生长较慢,随后相对加快,放流5～7个月后,黑鲷幼鱼体长、体重分别增长59.51%～127.20%和322.75%～989.83%。结论认为,POT是黑鲷幼鱼体外标志的适宜选择;在研究海域,放流后的标志黑鲷更易于被垂钓方式捕获;丰富的食物和可供躲避敌害的空间是影响其扩散、生长的因素。     

Insights into the horizontal movements,migration patterns,and stock affiliation of California swordfish

This study reports on the horizontal movements of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) tagged during deep‐set fishery trials off the California coastline. Position estimates from several electronic tag types were used to better understand swordfish stock structure and regional affiliation with current boundary hypotheses used to manage swordfish in the eastern north Pacific. Swordfish were outfitted with (a) satellite‐linked mark–recapture tags (n = 66), (b) electronic data storage tags that were recaptured (n = 16), (c) fin‐mounted Argos transmitters (n = 6), and (d) satellite‐linked archival tags (n = 4). Twenty‐six percent of tagged swordfish reported close to (<225 km) their deployment location within the southern California Bight (SCB). Of the 50 swordfish that moved outside the SCB, 76% exhibited affiliation to the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) management unit, 20% moved into the Western and Central North Pacific (WCNP) and 4% spent time within both the EPO and WCNP boundaries. Mean displacement between deployment and reporting locations was 1,250 ± 1,375 km, with daily rates of movement up to 55 km/day. Seasonal migrations ranged from the equator (0.8°N.132.4°W) to the Hawaiian Islands (17.0°N/154.2°W), with multiple individuals returning to the initial tagging locations the subsequent season. Seasonal site fidelity exhibited by several individuals highlights the importance of the SCB foraging grounds. While no evidence of trans‐equatorial or trans‐Pacific crossing was documented, extensive movements validate the highly migratory nature of California swordfish and support the need for future inclusion of spatial distribution data in management. Findings suggest that SCB swordfish may exhibit a higher level of EPO connectivity than previously proposed.     

Summer habitat use of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in a small Arctic lake, monitored by acoustic telemetry

Abstract –  Acoustic technologies were applied to describe how landlocked Arctic char from Iqalugaajuruluit Lake, Baffin Island, interact with its lacustrine habitat. Acoustic data from the lake bottom was collected using sonar equipment and substrate types were verified with benthic grabs and mapped in a geographic information system. Arctic char movements during the open water period were recorded from char fitted with acoustic tags. The distribution of the tagged Arctic char in Iqalugaajuruluit Lake was dependent on fish size and related to abiotic factors such as depth, substrate type and depth/temperature, temporally. The volume of water with temperatures below 6 °C during the open water period may be a limiting factor for large char (>400 mm) in small Arctic lakes. The large piscivorous char are found most often in the deepest water over soft substrates and the smaller char which feed on varying proportions of invertebrates and fish were found most often over the more complex substrates such as boulders, pebbles and gravel.