鸭疫里默氏杆菌50S L27转座子插入突变株的生物学特性分析

为了鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌中与卡那霉素抗性相关的基因,本研究采用构建Yb2株转座子随机突变库结合卡那霉素抗性平板来筛选相关抗性基因.先以Yb2株为受体菌,携带质粒pEP4351的大肠杆菌BW19851(pEP4351)为供体菌,构建转座子Tn4351随机突变库.用含红霉素和卡那菌素的TSA进行筛选,得到卡那霉素耐药性降低的...     

细菌转座子Tn5转座机理的研究进展

细菌转座子Tn5属于IS4家族，两端具有两段倒置的IS50序列。右末端(IS50R)编码转座酶(Tnp)和一个阻遏转座蛋白(Inh)；左末端(IS50L)存在一个赭石突变，不能编码有功能的转座酶。Tn5属于非复制型转座子，被广泛应用于发现新基因、分析基因功能和构建突变体库。但是在相当长的一个时期里，人们对其转座机理、转座热点等问题并不完全清楚。随着在体外具有活性的转座酶Tnp EK／LP(同时含有E54K和L372P两个突变点)的成功构建，以及对Tnp催化中心三维结构的深入研究，近几年对Tn5的转座机理才有了深刻了解。本文综述了Tn5的转座机制、Tnp结构、DDE模体和转座频率调控等研究的最新进展。     

Harnessing the Annotated EST Information in Molecular Marker Development for Crop Improvement

Marker-assisted selection has become an integral component of many crop breeding programs in both the private and public sectors throughout the world. Various markers, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR are being used by the crop breeding community. The advent of high throughput sequencing technology has generated an enormous amount of DNA sequence information for the genomes of many species of economic importance. This includes the draft genome sequences of two subspecies of rice, one of the most important food crops of the world and more than 40 million expressed sequence tags （EST） in the public databases. This wealth of information provides the opportunity to develop novel approaches to discover markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） and targeted local lesions in genomes （TILLING） techniques, which are being applied to different crops at a fast pace. The TRAP （targeted region amplification polymorphism） marker technique is a fairly new, relatively high throughput, persuasively reliable, and broadly applicable fingerprinting technique. TRAP harnesses existing sequence information and leverages bioinformatics tools to design fixed primers against known sequences of annotated ESTs,     

分子标记技术在玉米基因定位和辅助选择中的应用

本文评述了近一、二十年利用分子标记技术研究玉米重要基因的作图和定位及分子标记辅助选择等,并提出了我国在该领域的发展策略。     

Molecular markers and their applications in wheat breeding

In recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of molecular markers to be used for a variety of objectives. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers—restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), sequence-tagged sites (STS), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (STMS)—currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits in wheat. Other markers, including microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also discussed. Recent information on synteny in cereal genomes, marker-assisted selection, marker validation and their relevance to cereal breeding in general and wheat breeding in particular are also examined.     

The design and analysis of field studies to estimate catch-and-release mortality

Abstract  The practice of catch and release (CR) as a fisheries management tool to reduce fishing mortality is widely applied in both freshwater and marine fisheries, whether from shifts in angler attitudes related to harvest or from the increasing use of harvest restrictions such as closed seasons or length limits. This approach assumes that for CR fishing policies to benefit the stock, CR will result in much lower mortality than would otherwise occur. There are many challenges in the design of CR studies to assess mortality, and in many practical settings it is difficult to obtain accurate and precise estimates. The focus of this article is on the design and quantitative aspects of estimating CR mortality, the need for a comprehensive approach that explicitly states all components of CR mortality, and the assumptions behind these methods. A general conceptual model for CR mortality that is applicable to containment and tagging-based studies with a slight modification is presented. This article reviews the design and analysis of containment and tagging studies to estimate CR mortality over both the short and long term and then compares these two approaches. Additionally, the potential population-level impacts of CR mortality are discussed. A recurring theme is the difficulty of designing studies to estimate CR mortality comprehensively and the need for additional research into both statistical model development and field study design.     

毛竹Stowaway-like MITEs转座子的分离与分析

微型颠倒重复序列(miniature inverted repeat transposable elements,MITEs)是一类对基因组进化和基因表达有重要调节作用的转座子。为分析MITEs在毛竹基因组中的分布特性,借鉴Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats(FIASCO)方法,首次构建Stowaway-like MITEs富集文库。随机挑取21个克隆,测序发现2个含有Stowaway-like MITEs序列(Stow-Ph1和Stow-Ph2),阳性率为9.52%。Stow-Ph1和Stow-Ph2的长度分别为260和258bp,具有Stowaway-like MITEs典型的末端颠倒重复序列(terminal inverted repeats,TIRs)和靶位点重复序列(target site duplication,TSD)。Stow-Ph1和Stow-Ph2与水稻的Stow-Os8(FJ266024)的同源性分别为46.4%和52.6%。Stow-Ph1和Stow-Ph2与水稻16类Stowaway-like MITEs的TI...     

鲤基因组中1个新Tc1类转座子的发现与鉴定

在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)基因组中鉴别出一个新的具有潜在转座活性的Tc1类转座子,并命名为CCTN转座子(Cyprinus carpio Transposon,CCTN)。CCTN转座子全长1 611 bp,由两端约214 bp的反向重复序列(Inverted Repeat,IR)和中间不间断的996 bp的转座酶开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)组成。CCTN转座子推测的转座酶序列中存在完整的DD(34)E结构域,此结构域是Tc1类转座酶作用的必需位点之一。采用实时荧光定量PCR评估CCTN转座子在鲤基因组中的拷贝数约为2.28×103,占全基因组的0.21%。分子系统学研究表明,CCTN转座子是一个新的鱼类Tc1类转座子,其与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)Tzf-28、大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)SALT1和鲽(Pleuronectes platessa)PPTN2等Tc1类转座子亲缘关系较近。     

大亚湾黑鲷标志放流技术

1997年在大亚湾标志放流平均体长为60.2mm的黑鲷（Sparus marcrocephalus)共11986尾,标志放流效果明显,共同捕标志鱼955尾,回捕率达8．0％,主群分布移动物湾顶沿岸浅水区,只有少部份分散于湾中岛礁间,生长良好,放流后的240d平均体长达235mm。