多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值评定

为评定多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值,研究以福建黄兔为对象,对2 个多花黑麦草品种采用全粪收集法进行消化试验。结果表明：福建黄兔生长兔对多花黑麦草‘美克斯’和‘海里克斯’干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（ash）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）和无氮浸出物（NFE）的表观消化率分别为：52.67%、82.68%、21.70%、26.58%、28.59%、68.37%、57.69%、71.64%、70.82%、64.38%和50.45%、79.53%、24.69%、30.45%、32.69%、69.84%、59.38%、70.48%、69.31%、69.30%。其中生长兔对多花黑麦草DM、CP、EE、Ca 和P 的表观消化率较高,对CF的表观消化率较低。     

黑麦草不同翻压量对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响

土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性是土壤肥力的重要指标。通过大田试验,研究黑麦草不同翻压量对植烟土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明：黑麦草不同翻压量均能够提高土壤微生物碳、氮的生物量以及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,这种提高的趋势随着翻压量的增加而增加,但并不是翻压量越多越好,本实验结果表明：翻压量以1500 kg /667m2为最好。     

转基因技术课程的教法改革与实践

通过课堂辩论赛的形式探索了转基因技术的两面性课程的新教法,教改实践中教师从知识的传授者变为探究性学习的指导者和参与者,学生由被动的接受性学习转变为主动的探究性学习。这种教学方法培养了学生的创新精神和合作意识,激发了学生的学习兴趣和积极性,有效地提高了教学效果。     

派酶-土壤-黑麦草根系复合体抗剪强度试验研究

摘要: 提出一种派酶-土壤-黑麦草根系复合体,即在含派酶土壤中加入黑麦草根系。探讨了不同含酶量及含根量下复合体的抗剪强度,并在具有不同含酶量的土壤中种植黑麦草种子。由试验结果可知：黑麦草种子可以在含派酶土壤中存活并生长;在考察范围内,复合体的抗剪强度随含酶量的增加而增大,φ值随含酶量的Jiao Xin增加先增大后减小。     

Molecular Cloning of a Cellulose Synthase Gene PtoCesA1 from Populus tomentosa and Its Genetic Transformation in Tobacco

A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.     

Resistance to the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, within Brassica fruticulosa

Two transgenic Bt rice lines, KMD1 and KMD2, both containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bt, were crossed with conventional rice varieties. The inheritance of resistance to SSB of KMD1 and KMD2was investigated through LSB and field examination of their progenies, e.g. F₁, BC₁ and F₂ populations. In LSBs, 100.0% of newly hatched SSB larvae died on the second day after feeding on leaf tissues of F₁ and GUS positive BC₁ plants, of which the area of leaf tissues consumed by SSB is also similar to that of transgenic parents. These results imply that the resistance of Bt rice to SSB is dominantly controlled and could be easily exploited in hybrid rice production. Field evaluation showed that segregation ratios for SSB resistance to susceptibility in BC₁ populations fit the ratio of 1:1, which was also confirmed by LSBs. However, in F₂ populations, the ratio was significantly smaller than 3:1 for resistant to susceptible plants in all 6 indica × japonica (KMD1 and KMD2) crosses, though it fitted 3:1 in all 4 japonica × japonica crosses. The results implied that the resistance of Bt rice to SSB was controlled by a dominant gene which was present in a homozygous condition in both KMD1 and KMD2, but the inheritance could be affected by other factors. Assays for Cry1Ab protein showed that, in most crosses, the content of Cry1Ab is significantly higher in leaves of GUS positive F₁, BC₁ and F₂ plants than that in transgenic Bt parent plants, which accounts for the high resistance observed in these plants to SSB. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Herbicide-tolerant crops in agriculture: oilseed rape as a case study

Oilseed rape has been modified extensively by conventional breeding for the production of varieties useful for human consumption (blended vegetable oil and margarine) and industrial processes (rubber additives and high‐temperature lubricants). Because much is now known about its genetic and biochemical composition, it has been an obvious choice for genetic modification and is now at the forefront of the commercial development of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. Around the world, the increase in commercial plantings of all transgenic crops has been rapid. In 1996, 1.7 million hectares were planted, but by 1998 this figure had jumped to 27.8 million ha. The area in the year 2001 is likely to be about 50 million ha. With the possible introduction of transgenic varieties into European agriculture, it is essential that the associated farming practices employed are appropriate for their growth, both from a commercial and an environmental viewpoint. Some of the first transgenic crops are those carrying agronomic traits, e.g. herbicide tolerance transgenes. However, before full commercialization occurs, important agronomic and environmental questions need to be answered. How are these new crops to be incorporated into existing cropping practices? How will this change the current herbicide use profile for a given crop? Do herbicide‐tolerant varieties enhance or impede integrated pest management schemes? What is the likely uptake of such crops in agriculture? What are the ecological implications of their introduction? Are there effective measures to control the spread of transgenes to wild relatives? This paper addresses these questions, with special emphasis on oilseed rape production in the UK, but includes examples from other crops and countries where appropriate.     

中国北方棉区转基因抗虫棉对棉苗蚜及其两种天敌的影响（英）

2001年田间小区试验研究了转Bt基因棉和转双价基因(Bt+CpTI)棉对棉苗蚜及其天敌种群动态的影响;室内研究了转基因抗虫棉对两种棉蚜天敌的生物学影响.结果表明,转基因抗虫棉对棉蚜种群数量的影响不明显,未达显著水平.单作转基因棉田棉蚜发生期比麦套棉田提前5天左右,发生数量是麦套棉田的1.6倍,表明麦棉套作可有效的控制苗蚜的为害.室内研究表明,异色瓢虫对用Bt棉处理的的棉蚜的捕食量比对照增加22.0%,棉蚜茧蜂对用Bt棉处理的棉蚜的寄主率降低23.5%.     

利用基因拆分技术培育耐草甘膦转基因水稻的研究

耐除草剂转基因水稻基因飘流可能产生的环境安全问题是人们关注的焦点之一,并已成为耐除草剂转基因水稻能否在我国生产上发挥效益的限制因素。基因拆分技术能够有效地控制转基因目标性状飘流,为培育耐除草剂转基因水稻提供新的途径和思路。本研究将耐除草剂基因G2-aroA拆分成N端(EPSPSn,1～295aa)和C端(EPSPSc,296～435aa),分别与SspDnaE蛋白内含肽的N端(Intein-N)和C端(Intein-C)连接形成融合基因EPSPSn-In与Ic-EPSPSc,并分别通过农杆菌介导法转入受体材料中花11。Southern杂交证明转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22中外源基因为单拷贝插入。侧翼序列分析证明转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22中外源基因分别插入第2和第6染色体。利用四引物法筛选出转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22的纯合系,并通过有性杂交获得同时含有EPSPSn-In与Ic-EPSPSc的转基因水稻En×Ec。草甘膦抗性分析发现,单独含有1个基因片段的转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22不具有耐受草甘膦特性,而同时含有2个基因片段的转基因水稻En×Ec具有耐受草甘膦的特性,说明拆分后的2个蛋白片段在intein的介导下重新组装成完整有功能蛋白,并赋予转基因水稻耐受草甘膦的特性。转基因水稻En×Ec与含有完整G2-aroA转基因水稻G2-6相比,其耐受草甘膦的能力有所下降,但能够满足生产需求。本研究结果为利用基因拆分技术培育转基因耐草甘膦水稻提供了科学依据,同时也为利用基因工程手段培育转基因杂交稻提供了新的技术平台。